This has been another factor in the promotion of the more inclusive term "Indigenous Australians". However the question is optional; 48,670 did not respond, and in addition, nearly 4,000 were reported as "inadequately described". By 1995, population numbers had reached pre-colonisation levels, and in 2010 there were around 563,000 Indigenous Australians.
[206][207], There are three languages spoken in the Torres Strait Islands, two indigenous languages and an English-based creole. [157] She was immediately appointed Shadow Minister for Human Services. [22] Aboriginal peoples is a legal term encompassing all indigenous Canadian groups. [16] The Inuit had more limited interaction with European settlers during that early period. Well-known players include Graham Farmer, Gavin Wanganeen and Adam Goodes.
However, using the "...UN definition, sufficient evidence exists to designate the Tasmanian catastrophe genocide". [90], One immediate consequence was a series of epidemics of European diseases such as measles, smallpox and tuberculosis. [172], In 2010, United Nations Special Rapporteur James Anaya found the Emergency Response to be racially discriminatory, and said that aspects of it represented a limitation on "individual autonomy". In this sense, "native" may encompass a broad range of populations and is therefore not recommended.[30].
They comprise the First Nations,[6] Inuit[7] and Métis. [193], The 2006 Australian census showed growth in the Indigenous population (recorded as 517,000) at twice the rate of overall population growth since 1996, when the Indigenous population stood at 283,000.
Colonial clergy such as Sydney's first Catholic archbishop, John Bede Polding, strongly advocated for Aboriginal rights and dignity. The research also suggests a divergence from the Papuan people of New Guinea and the Mamanwa people of the Philippines about 32,000 years ago, with a rapid population expansion about 5,000 years ago. [151], Indian reserves, established in Canadian law by treaties such as Treaty 7, are lands of First Nations recognized by non-indigenous governments. [89], Prominent First Nations people include Joe Capilano, who met with King of the United Kingdom, Edward VII, to speak of the need to settle land claims and Ovide Mercredi, a leader at both the Meech Lake Accord constitutional reform discussions and Oka Crisis. As of September 2019[update], Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander prisoners represented 28% of the total adult prisoner population,[281] while accounting for 3.3% of the general population. The Māori interprets the Treaty of Waitangi in New Zealand similarly.
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