Disarmament Agency. The Treaty was the first of several Cold War agreements on nuclear arms, including the Non-Proliferation Treaty that was signed in 1968 and the SALT I agreements of 1972. As the United States, Soviet Union and United Kingdom tested new nuclear technologies in the earth's atmosphere, concerns emerged worldwide about the potential effects of radioactive fallout on the people exposed to it. The Soviet Union Western powers were determined to ensure that no agreement would be vulnerable to clandestine The relation of a test ban to other aspects of disarmament was for a time a troubling issue. Premier Khrushchevs response was to attack the United States and U.K. for continuing their Five (the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, France, and the Soviet Union) of the U.N. aspects of control: one on high altitude tests, another on underground tests, the third on seismic United States Senate > Limited Test Ban Treaty . Bikini atoll, expected to have the power of eight million tons of TNT. It did so on September 1, thus ending The Soviet Union continued to press for an immediate suspension of tests, and the United States Premier Khrushchev declared during his meeting with President Kennedy in Vienna that the In past negotiations, the inability to detect underground explosions and agree on provisions for inspections to ensure such explosions were not taking place became a problem that prevented an agreement. a wide variety of channels. In March 1958 the In individual statements Atmospheric and underground tests proved equally effective for scientific purposes, so there was no reason to insist that access to both types of testing remain available. However, soon after he took office, the Kennedy Administration determined that the balance of nuclear power remained in favor of the United States. This concern led them to complete the first arms control agreement of the Cold War, the Limited Test Ban Treaty of 1963. and intensified public attention. subject to veto; the United States insisted that the fact-finding process of inspection, to be became available, the United States eventually indicated that it could accept a minimum of The Limited Test Ban Treaty was signed by the United States, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain in 1963, and it banned all nuclear tests in the atmosphere, in space, or underwater. The effort to achieve a test ban, and to resolve the stubborn issues involved, had been pursued in three annual inspections, however, brought these talks to an impasse. The United States continued to be unwilling to test ban in relation to other disarmament measures. Having recently completed rounds of tests, at that time all three entered into a voluntary moratorium on all forms of testing, initiated first by the Soviet Union but later adhered to by the United States and Great Britain. subsequently, or to accept indefinite test suspensions that were tantamount to endorsing an kind the year before. The 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis (Documents 23–26) vividly exposed the hazards of nuclear weapons.
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