Some content of the original page may have been edited to make it more suitable for younger readers, unless otherwise noted. …the one hand and promoting Bulgarian political interests on the other. Other articles where History of Bulgaria is discussed: Bulgaria: History: Evidence of human habitation in the area of Bulgaria dates from sometime within the … The ethnic complexity of the region, together with its history of division and manipulation by outsiders, left the local population demoralized and conflicted. Nonetheless, most of the plant and animal life is central European, mixed with a type that blends Arctic and alpine characteristics in the high mountains. Private health care is encouraged nowadays. Cultural movement against Greek influence, Political divisions under Alexander of Battenberg, Bulgarian resistance to the Axis alliance, https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria, Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - Bulgaria, Bulgaria - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Bulgaria - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Content of this web page is sourced from wikipedia ( http://simple.wikipedia.org). The Bulgarian government is a member of the European Union and NATO. Under the reign of Simeon I (893–927), Bulgaria emerged briefly as the dominant power in the peninsula, extending its control from the Black Sea to the Adriatic. This includes Neolithic, Hamangia culture, Vinča culture, eneolithic, Varna culture (5th millennium BC) and the Bronze Age Ezero culture.The Thracians lived in the area of modern Bulgaria. German offers proved irresistible: Macedonia (from Serbia) and parts of…, …Powers concluded a treaty with Bulgaria, whom they drew to their side by the offer of territory to be taken from Serbia. The Bulgarian government has introduced a number of conservation measures, including steps to protect soil, water, and air from pollution and to establish protected areas of outstanding interest to naturalists. Rumen Radev became President in 2017. …Ottomans to grant independence to Bulgaria. The Balkan Mountains border the Danubian Plain on the south. Help for people who lose their jobs is no longer automatic, but some help is available, based on family status and length of unemployment.[10]. The Austro-German forces attacked southward from the Danube on October 6; and the Bulgars, undeterred by a Russian ultimatum, struck at eastern Serbia on October 11 and at…, …formed a dictatorial regime in Bulgaria (1934–35); the name Zveno refers to a link in a chain. Bulgaria, officially Republic of Bulgaria, Bulgarian Republika Bŭlgariya, country occupying the eastern portion of the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe. Block faulting—the raising or lowering of great structural segments along regular lines of crustal weakness—has produced there the Sredna Mountains, the Vitosha Massif near Sofia, a number of sheltered structural basins, and the Upper Thracian and Tundzha lowlands. Open expanses of lowland alternate with broken mountain country, cut by deep river gorges and harbouring upland basins such as that in which Sofia lies. This let German forces go through Bulgaria to reach Greece. People from outside the country started putting money into businesses and houses, and Bulgarians learned how to make their own businesses. Bulgaria's troops refused to participate in military coups and also refused to send Jews to concentration camps in the Holocaust. Bulgaria borders Romania, Serbia, North Macedonia , Greece, Turkey, and the Black Sea. Bulgaria, country occupying the eastern portion of the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe. The first Bulgarian empire was established in 681 AD. The abrupt and often steep banks on the Bulgarian side contrast with the swamps and lagoons of the Romanian side. They replaced the royal monarchy with Communism in 1947 before they withdrew from Bulgaria. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. In what is now Bulgaria, many different people and different cultures lived over time. But the Soviet Union didn't respect Bulgaria's wish to be neutral. Numerous dams have been constructed in the mountains. Ostensibly created to limit increasing Austrian power in the Balkans, the league was actually formed at the instigation of Russia in order to expel the Turks from the Balkans. After two weeks of hard fighting in September 1918, the Bulgarian line broke. Overall, more than half of the runoff drains to the Black Sea, and the rest flows to the Aegean Sea. Most of Bulgaria has a moderate continental climate, which is tempered by Mediterranean influences in the south. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? Agricultural communities, though, appeared in the Neolithic Period (New Stone Age), and in the Bronze Age the lands…, Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, and Montenegro, which fought the First Balkan War against Turkey (1912–13). [9], The state no longer has free health care. On June 1, 1913, Serbia and Greece formed an alliance against Bulgaria, and the war began on the night of June 29/30, 1913, when King Ferdinand of Bulgaria ordered his troops to attack Serbian and…, …the bitter rivals Serbia and Bulgaria in preparation for a final strike against Ottoman-controlled Europe. The Ottomans had very strict rules and the Bulgarians suffered. But the increased tension in the war made the leaders sign the Tripartite Pact with Germany in March 1941. Announcing our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! In Bulgaria there are 5,664,624 citizens of Bulgarians, 1,200,000 citizens of Turks[14] and 800,000 Citizens of Roma/Gypsies.[15]. Purges, intimidation, and the imprisonment of opposition leaders made the eventual election a mockery. Trending north-south at the eastern fringe of three principal regions is the narrow Black Sea coastal region. The First Balkan War erupted in October 1912, when Montenegro declared war on Turkey, followed quickly by Serbia, Bulgaria, and Greece. This…, Bulgaria, which had been Christianized a century earlier and had offered a home to the Cyrillo-Methodian community, became a conduit for the transmission of Greek culture, translated into Old Church Slavonic, to Russia, which in turn rapidly established its own scribal activities in copying and…. Bulgaria also has skilled and educated workers. The collapse of the Macedonian front was one of the most important factors precipitating…, Bulgaria, which was not at war with the U.S.S.R., tried to establish its neutrality, but the Red Army occupied it anyway and set up a “Fatherland Front” in which Communists were predominant. It also brought Greece into contention with Serbia and Bulgaria, both of which also looked to Macedonia, which remained under Ottoman rule, with covetous eyes. The requisitioning of food stocks resulted in a terrible famine during the winter of 1941–42, in which as many as 100,000 people died. The contest was…, …harsh tripartite German, Italian, and Bulgarian occupation. Nearly rectangular in outline, Bulgaria is bounded by Romania to the north, with most of the border marked by the lower Danube River. It is intersected by historically important routes from northern and eastern Europe to the Mediterranean basin and from western and central Europe to the Middle East. Northern Bulgaria is characterized by the fertile black-earth soils known as chernozems and also by gray soils of forest origin. Bulgaria further has picturesque villages, delicious food, and very hospitable people. The members of the EU engage in the bulk of Bulgarian trade. As a result, the existence of ethnic…, …its mixed population of Greeks, Bulgarians, Serbs, Albanians, Turks, Vlachs, and Roma (Gypsies), was characterized by a great deal of ethnic complexity. In 1944 when it became clear that the Allied Powers would win the war, Bulgaria had to find another solution. Only in Bulgaria—where, for ethnic Bulgarians at least, the last years of communist rule had been relatively benign—was a peaceful transition achieved. Bulgaria (officially called the Republic of Bulgaria) is a country in southeastern Europe. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. For the next three decades Macedonia was the target of Greek, Bulgarian, and Serbian expansion, each claiming closer ethnic or historical ties to the region than the others. [11] It will be 63 years and 9 months for woman and 65 years and 3 months for man in 2032. Today its gaze is firmly fixed on the West; Bulgaria became a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 2004 and of the European Union (EU) in 2007. Bulgaria has a rich and century-old cultural history. In 1994 Bulgaria had a short economic boom. Finland, although it did not formally join the Tripartite Pact, cooperated with the Axis because of its opposition to the Soviet Union (to which Finland had been forced to…. Their money is called the lev. Bulgaria joined the side of Germany in World War I and lost. …military conflict between Serbia and Bulgaria, which demonstrated the instability of the Balkan peace settlement imposed by the Congress of Berlin (Treaty of Berlin, July 1878). The second Bulgarian empire started about 1185 AD, with Turnovo as the capital. Bulgaria’s numerous lakes may be coastal (such as the large lakes around Varna and Burgas, both on the Black Sea), glacial (such as those in the southern mountains), structural, or karst in origin. However, Bulgaria did not follow Hitler's wishes. …in 1939) in November 1940, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia in March 1941, and, after the wartime breakup of Yugoslavia, Croatia (June 1941). [7] The population of Bulgaria is a little more than 7 million people.[8]. But since then the economy has grown steadily. Announcing our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! But it was not until 1908 that the whole country of Bulgaria was united as modern Bulgaria. …had the upper hand in Bulgaria, still smarting from its defeat in the Second Balkan War and allied with Turkey as of August 2, 1914. Each province is named after its local capital. Before the creation of the Bulgarian state, the empires of ancient Rome, Greece, and Byzantium were strong presences, and people and goods traveled the land with frequency. The capital and the biggest city is Sofia. In that way, each state attempted to gain possession…. Like other nations of the Balkan Peninsula, Bulgaria claims a mix of Eastern and Western cultures, and the mingling is evident in its cuisine, its architecture, and its religious heritage. Interesting facts about Bulgaria This post is part of a series of fun facts posts I'm doing for every country I have articles about here on the blog. Steppe species are most characteristic in the northeast and southeast, while the south is rich in sub-Mediterranean and Mediterranean species. This group fell apart in 1989 with the fall of communism in Europe. This includes Neolithic, Hamangia culture, Vinča culture, eneolithic, Varna culture (5th millennium BC) and the Bronze Age Ezero culture. After the first Balkan war (1876), Bulgaria pulled away from Ottoman Empire's influence with the help of the Russian Empire who were already fighting the Ottomans. Extending southward from the Danube to the foothills of the Balkan Mountains is the fertile, hilly Danubian Plain. Gambling is a generally widespread kind of entertainment for a lot of Bulgarians. The treaty. During the Pleistocene Epoch (i.e., about 2,600,000 to 11,700 years ago), life in the region was not destroyed by advancing glaciers as occurred in much of Europe but was actually enriched by the immigration of species from the north, some of which still survive. According to the dominant ideology of the Greek state, all the people of Greece are, or should be, Greek. …of Berlin—was the independence of Bulgaria from Turkey. The Srebarna Nature Reserve, a freshwater lake and bird sanctuary adjoining the Danube River, was named a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983 and then placed on UNESCO’s endangered list in 1992 after environmental decline; improvements were seen in the early 21st century. It is a type of Slavic language. The country has some 500 mineral springs, half of which are warm or hot (reaching 217 °F [103 °C] at Sapareva Banya, in the west).
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