Kothari Kothari derives its name from the words 'Kotha' or 'Kothar,' which means treasury or godown. For example, among the Khadayata Vanias there are all-Khadayata associations as well as associations for the various ekdas and sometimes even for their tads (see Shah, Ragini 1978). 2 0 obj
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It comes under Khamar Panchayath. are males and while 4.6% were For example, among the Vanias the most general rule was that a marriage of a boy could be arranged with any girl who was bhane khapati, i.e., with whom he was permitted to have commensal relations (roti vyavahar). The surname Gajjar represents a Gujarati sub-caste from the Suthar community. These linkages played an important role in the traditional social structure as well as in the processes of change in modern India. The complex was provided a certain coherence and integrityin the pre- industrial time of slow communicationby a number of oral and literate traditions cultivated by cultural specialists such as priests, bards, genealogists and mythographers (see in this connection Shah and Shroff 1958). Gujaratis are best known for their success in the field of business. Doshi is a common Gujarati surname, which means a cloth-selling hawker. The surname likely would have been an occupational one. There were Brahman and Vania divisions of the same name, the myths about both of them were covered by a single text. Further, the castes there are unable to take cognizance of each other in terms of hierarchy or of occupation, and it is in this situation that they can be said to exist by virtue of their differences (296) it is the systematic recognition of difference which is most apparent. For describing the divisions of the remaining two orders, it would be necessary to go on adding the prefix sub but this would make the description extremely clumsy, if not meaningless. Although I have not, during my limited field work, come across hypergamous marriages between Rajputs and Bhils, ethnographic reports and other literature frequently refer to such marriages (see, for example, Naik 1956: 18f; Nath I960. Many primarily rural castes, such as Kolisthe largest castehave remained predominantly rural even today. The marital alliances of the royal families forming part of the Maratha confederacy, and of the royal families of Mysore in south India and of Kashmir and Nepal in the north with the royal families of Gujarat and Rajasthan show, among other things, how there was room for flexibility and how the rule of caste endogamy could be violated in an acceptable manner at the highest level. Most Gujarati surnames or last names have an ancestral origin, and some are derived from the Sanskrit language and have a peculiar significance. Any one small caste may look insignificant in itself but all small castes put together become a large social block and a significant social phenomenon. For which there is a provision of 15% reservation. The same problems would arise in the reverse direction if, as many scholars have done, the term caste cluster, caste complex or caste category is used for divisions of a higher order and the term caste or jati is used for divisions of a lower order. For example, if they belonged to two different second-order divisions, such as Shrimali and Modh, the punishment would be greater than if they belonged to two different ekdas within the Shrimali or the Modh division. Although the people of one tad would talk about their superiority over those of another tad in an ekda, and the people of one ekda over those of another in a higher-order division, particularly in large towns where two or more tads and ekdas would be found living together, there was no articulate ranking and hypergamy among them. But the hypergamous tendency was so powerful that each such endogamous unit could not be perfectly endogamous even at the height of its integration. Bhavsars in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu have their traditional caste council known as the Bhavsar (or bhavasar) Samaj or Bhavasar Kshatriya Samaj. The social relations between and within a large number of such segregated castes should be seen in the context of the overall urban environment, characterized as it was by co-existence of local Hindu castes with immigrant Hindu castes and with the non-Hindu groups such as Jains, Muslims, Parsis and Christians, a higher degree of monetization, a higher degree of contractual and market relations (conversely, a lesser degree of jajmani-type relations), existence of trade guilds, and so on. Unfortunately, although the Kolis are an important element in Gujarats population, their earlier ethnography is confusing, and there is hardly any modern, systematic, anthropological, sociological or historical study, so that the confusion continues to persist. Over nine year more. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In Gujarat, the poor in the general category have been kept in the Economically Weaker Section (EWS). Since Rajput as a caste occurred all over northern, central and western India (literally, it means rulers son, ruling son), the discussion of Rajputs in Gujarat will inevitably draw us into their relationship with Rajputs in other regions. Most of the second-order divisions were further divided into third-order divisions. Vaishnav Khamar is an another subcaste of vaishnavs like Vaishnav Baniyas. I know some ekdas, and tads composed of only 150 to 200 households. The small ekda or tad with its entire population residing in a single town was, of course, not a widespread phenomenon. Almost every village in this area included at least some Leva population, and in many villages they formed a large, if not the largest, proportion of the population. Gujarat Government has classified the castes as follows for giving reservation - ST = Scheduled Tribes ( ) SC = Scheduled Castes ( ) SEBC = Socially and Educationally Backward Classes EWS = Economically Weaker Sections (Economically weaker section, who is poor in general category / general caste, is kept in EWS). The co-residence of people belonging to two or more divisions of a lower order within a division of a higher order has been a prominent feature of caste in towns and cities. An important idea behind the activities of caste associations is: service to ones caste is service to the nation. In this article, you will get information about - Gujarat Caste List like - SEBC, OBC, ST, SC and EWS or General Caste, as well as you will also get information about How many percentage reservation for SEBC, OBC, ST, SC and EWS in Gujarat? The migrants, many of whom came from heterogeneous urban centres of Gujarat, became part of an even more heterogeneous environment in Bombay. I hope to show that the integration of the study of caste in urban areas with that of rural areas is essential to a comprehensive understanding of caste and its implications for Indian society and culture. The boundaries of caste division were fairly clear in the village community. All Brahman divisions did not, however, have a corresponding Vania division. The primarily rural and lower castes were the last to form associations and that too mainly after independence (1947). The Kadava Patidar (also variously spelled Kadwa, Kadva) are a sub-caste of the Patidars in Gujarat. ? See a medical professional for personalized consultation. village Khamar. Are you looking for Gujarat Caste List 2023 then you are reading the right article, on this page you will get to read gujarati caste list OBC caste list in gujarat, ST caste list in gujarat pdf, SEBC caste list in gujarat, SC caste list gujarat, EWS / general caste list in gujarat pdf. involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Caste associations have been formed on the lines of caste divisions. (Frequently, such models are constructed a priori rather than based on historical evidence, but that is another story). It has already been mentioned that every first-order division was not divided into second-order divisions, and that every second-order division was not divided into third-order divisions, and so on. If you belong to the Other Backward Classes (OBC), Scheduled Tribes (ST) and Scheduled Castes (SC) communities in the state of Gujarat, you are eligible to take advantage of reservation in central government jobs, educational institutions, promotions, educational scholarships, and seats or posts in elected bodies. Such a description not only overlooks the diversity and complexity of caste divisions and the rural-urban Link- ages in them but also leads to placing them in the same category as Muslims, Christians, Parsis, Jains, Buddhists, and so on. The above brief analysis of change in caste in modern Gujarat has, I hope, indicated that an overall view of changes in caste in modern India should include a careful study of changes in rural as well as in urban areas in relation to their past. These divisions have, however, been kept out of the present analysis for reasons which have become well known to students of Hindu society since the 1950s. It is also found in Iran, where 12 percent reside and Morocco, where 6 percent reside. For example, all Vania divisions were divided into a number of ekdas or gols. Khatris have councils who judge on marriage, divorce and property issues. Impress your Guju friends by learning the meaning of their surnames. Gandhi refers to someone who is a seller of fragrances, that is a perfume seller. I shall first provide an analysis of caste in the past roughly during the middle of the 19th century, and then deal with changes in the modern times. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); You have entered an incorrect email address! Many of them claimed that they were Brahmans but this claim was not accepted by most established Brahmans. Generally they used to known as Vaishnav Khamar. Thus, the result was the spread of the population of a caste division towards its fringes. Charalia, Charmta, Luni, Kushar, Tank, Muchhal, Kadiya Kumbhar (where they are not S.T), Salat (excluding Sompura Salat) Salat Ghera, Sipai, patni Jamat or Turk Jamat. ), Labana, Mheravat, Goti, Hadkashi, Zod, Dhinga, Pelya, Shatbe, Baman, Machhi (Hindu)Kharwa, Khalas, Dhimar, Dhivar, Mitna, Tandel, Mangela, Khalasi, Sarang, Kahar, Majothi Kumbar, Majothi, Kumbar Darban or Darban Majothi (all Muslim), Matwa or Matwa-Kureshi (Muslim), Gavli (Hindu), Mochi , Jansali, Sivania, Myanagar, Jingar, Dasania, Chamadia, Bharatbhara, Chandlia, Sonari, Aari Bharatbhara, (except Dang district and Umargam taluka of Valsad district. Early industrial labour was also drawn mainly from the urban artisan and servant castes. Refenence: The list of all communities and castes in this article has been taken from the information available on the official website of Gujarat Government & Internet whose PDF link you will find below. But many Rajput men of Radhvanaj got wives from people in distant villages who were recognized there as Kolisthose Kolis who had more land and power than the generality of Kolis had tried to acquire some of the traditional Rajput symbols in dress manners and customs and had been claiming to be Rajputs. hu)_EYUT?:fX:vOR,4g4ce{\(wcUO %OW-Knj|qV]_)1?@{^ $:0ZY\fpg7J~Q~pHaMVSP5bLC}6+zwgv;f
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The change from emphasis on hierarchy to emphasis on division is becoming increasingly significant in view of the growth of urban population both in absolute number and in relation to the total population. he founded the ruling muzaffarid dynasty that ruled gujarat. They adopted Rajput customs and traditions, claimed Rajput status, and gave daughters in marriage to Rajputs in the lower rungs of Rajput hierarchy. Third, although two or more new endogamous units came into existence and marriage between them was forbidden thereafter, a number of pre-existing kinship and affinal relationships continued to be operative between them. Let me illustrate briefly. The highest stratum among the Leva Kanbi tried to maintain its position by practising polygyny and female infanticide, among other customs and institutions, as did the highest stratum among the Rajput. With the exclusion of caste (except scheduled caste) from the census since 1951 (practically since 1941, because the census of that year did not result in much reporting), writings on castes as horizontal units greatly declined. Further, during this lengthy process of slow amalgamation those who will marry in defiance of the barriers of sub-caste, will still be imbued with caste mentality (1932: 184). Copyright 2011 - 2023 MomJunction Private Limited. It seems the highland Bhils (and possibly also other tribes) provided brides to lower Rajputs in Gujarat. Fortunately, they have now started writing about it (see Rao 1974). [2] For other possible spellings of this surname click here. Since these were all status categories rather than clear- cut divisions, I have not considered them as constituting third-order divisions. The existence of ekdas or gols, however, does not mean that the divisiveness of caste ended there or that the ekdas and gols were always the definitive units of endogamy. Far from it, I am only suggesting that its role had certain limitations and that the principle of division was also an important and competing principle. The error is further compounded whenalthough this is less commonthe partial, rural model of traditional caste is compared with the present urban situation, and conclusions are drawn about overall change. Khamar are Vaishnavs from Gujarat. The idea of inter-caste marriage is, moreover, linked with the idea of creating such a society involves a compromise with, if not subtle negation of, the ideal. The surname Lakhani means descendant of Lakh. The word Lakh comes from Laksmana, a Sanskrit word which means, one who has auspicious marks. Lakhani is also a common surname among Sindhis. Sometimes a division could even be a self-contained endogamous unit. And even when a Brahman name corresponded with a Vania name, the former did not necessarily work as priests of the latter.The total number of second-divisions in a first-order division differed from one first-order division to another. Each ekda or gol was composed of a definite number of families living in certain villages and/or towns. Systematic because castes exist and are like each other in being different (298). Dowry not only continues to be a symbol of status in the new hierarchy but is gradually replacing bride price wherever it existed, and dowry amounts are now reaching astronomical heights. Given below is the st caste list gujarat / st caste list in gujarat pdf / , st caste list in gujarat 2023. The surname Khamar (Arabic: , Bengali: , Georgian: , Hindi: , Marathi: , Oriya: , Russian: ) is more frequently found in India than any other country/territory. The patterns of change in marriage and in caste associations are two of the many indications of the growing significance of the principle of division (or separation or difference) in caste in urban areas in Gujarat. The Rajputs in Radhvanaj, the village I have studied in central Gujarat, had no great difficulty in establishing their claim to being Rajputs: they owned substantial amounts of land under a traditional Rajput tenure, dominated village politics and possessed certain other traditional Rajput symbols. A fundamental difficulty with these paradigms of change, as indicated by the above analysis, is that they are based on a partial conception of the systematic or structural whole in the past partially because it does not cover the urban situation and the complexity of horizontal units. Daftary is another Gujarati surname derived from the Persian word. while Schedule Tribe (ST) were The two considered themselves different and separateof course, within the Kanbi foldwhere they happened to live together in the villages in the merger zone between north and central Gujarat and in towns. While fission did occur, fusion could also occur. Sathvara,Satvara, Kadiya-Sathwara, Kadiya Satvara , Dalwadi or Kadiya. engaged in Main Work, 37 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) endobj
Among the first-order divisions with subdivisions going down to the fourth order, there are associations for divisions of all the orders. Secondly, it is necessary to study intensively the pattern of inter-caste relations in urban centres as something differentat least hypotheticallyfrom the pattern in villages. Among the Kanbis, while there was hypergamy within the Leva division and possibly, similar hypergamy within the Kadva division, there was no hierarchy or hypergamy between the two second-order divisions. Bougies repulsion) rather than on hierarchy was a feature of caste in certain contexts and situations in traditional India, and increasing emphasis on division in urban Indian in modern times is an accentuation of what existed in the past. Usually, it was a small population. Until recently, sociologists and anthropologists described Indian society as though it had no urban component in the past. The Vanias provide an example of such castes. A common surname in Gujarat, Kapadia, in Gujarati means, 'cloth merchant.' 24. is given below which you can read. Although my knowledge is fragmentary, I thought it was worthwhile to put together the bits and pieces for the region as a whole. literacy rate compared to 62.7% of Narmada district. The castes pervaded by hierarchy and hypergamy had large populations spread evenly from village to village and frequently also from village to town over a large area. While certain first-order divisions were found mainly in towns, the population of certain other first-order divisions was dispersed in villages as well as in towns, the population of the rural and the urban sections differing from one division to another. Similarly, although the number of marriages between the second-order divisions in the Vania division, i.e., between Khadayata, Modh, Shrimali, Lad, Vayada, etc., has been increasing, the majority of marriages take place within the respective second-order divisions. The surname is derived from the Sanskrit word pandit that means teacher or a scholar. Gujarati migrations to the nearby metropolis of Bombay the first new centre of administration, industry, commerce, education, and western culture, followed the same links. The Rajput hierarchy had many levels below the level of the royal families of the large and powerful kingdoms: lineages of owners of large and small fiefs variously called jagir, giras, thakarat,thikana, taluka, and wanted-, lineages of substantial landowners under various land tenures having special rights and privileges; and lineages of small landowners. The exact meaning of the surname is unknown. <>/Metadata 3086 0 R/ViewerPreferences 3087 0 R>>
What may be called the census approach influenced a great deal of scholarly work. It is an occupational surname that referred to someone who worked as a supervisor or a proprietor. The surname originates from dvivedi, a Sanskrit word referring to one who has studied and mastered two Vedas. In some parts of Gujarat they formed 30 to 35 per cent of the population. Most of them were, true to their name, rulers at various levels of the political hierarchy from the kingly level to the level of dominant caste in many villages. The lowest stratum in all the three divisions had to face the problem of scarcity of brides. There was also a third category called Pancha, derived from the word punch (meaning 5) and denoting extremely low Vania. Joshi derives its name from Jyotisha, a Sanskrit word that means an astrologer., A common surname in Gujarat, Kapadia, in Gujarati means, cloth merchant.. It reflects, on the one hand, the political aspirations of Kolis guided by the importance of their numerical strength in electoral politics and on the other hand, the Rajputs attempt to regain power after the loss of their princely states and estates. Here, usually, what mattered was the first-order division, as for example Brahman, Vania, Rajput, Kanbi, carpenter, barber, leather-worker, and so on. The Gujarati surname probably derives its name from the word Jari/Zari, which refers to the shining gold and silver threads used in Indian apparel. Her love for content creation made her pivot her career from science to writing. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"Nyygxe2uhCSCRFr_1gpqZloLWtvR7MsRGDym6HeWdrk-3600-0"}; Traditionally, the Brahman division was supposed to provide the priests for the corresponding divisions. Thus, Rawal/Raval refers to those who originally came from a family of commanders or kings. This was because political authorities were hierarchized from little kingdom to empire and the boundaries of political authorities kept changing. Thank you, , . The interesting and popular Gujarati surnames make them stand out from the rest. It probably is a combination of the words screw and wala meaning seller or maker. Usually it consisted of wealthy and powerful lineages, distinguishing themselves by some appellation, such as Patidar among the Leva Kanbi, Desai among the Anavil, and Baj among the Khedawal. James Campbell (1901: xii), the compiler of gazetteers for the former Bombay presidency comprising several linguistic regions, wrote about Gujarat: In no part of India are the subdivisions so minute, one of them, the Rayakval Vanias, numbering only 47 persons in 1891. The two areas merge gradually, and my field work covered most of the spectrum. 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