Richie Havens, who brought an earthy soulfulness to the folk scene of the Sixties and was the first act to hit the stage at Woodstock, died of a heart attack on Monday, April 22. Among those who noticed him was Dylan: One singer I crossed paths with a lot, Richie Havens, always had a nice-looking girl with him who passed the hat and I noticed that he always did well, Dylan wrote in his memoir Chronicles: Volume One. Havens: I went and I sat at this table. Backstage, co-organizer Michael Lang approached Havens and practically begged him to go on instead. Wiki, Biography, Age, Family, NetWorth & Know More. He also published a memoir, They Cant Hide Us Anymore, in 2000 and released his final album, Nobody Left to Crown, in 2008. Havens maintained his status as a folk icon and continued to tour. Richie Havens, who brought an earthy soulfulness to the folk scene of the Sixties and was the first act to hit the stage at Woodstock, died of a heart attack on Monday, April 22. He also created The Natural Guard, an environmental organization dedicated to teaching inner city children about nature. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. He had a rhythmic guitar style . Discography Studio albums Live albums Compilations Singles Appearances Siegel: In the years since, Aharon Grundman has moved to Brooklyn, not far from where Richie Havens grew up. also know about his Social media accounts i.e. Havens was giving away tickets, first come first serve, to his peace concert. As a youth, Havens began organizing his neighborhood friends into a street corner doo-wop group. Richie Havens/Cause of death His face is bearded, his fingers seem almost weighted down with rings that click as he becomes animated in conversation. I really hope that, 43 years later the extraordinary event in. Published September 13, 1999 4:00PM (EDT) ichie Havens grew up in the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn. Your donation is fully tax-deductible. He sings songs about peace, he reads the texts of major world religions, he delves into the more exotic wisdom of Polynesia and aboriginal Australia. Havens: It wasnt until we got to her door that he told me she was deaf and couldnt speak. You can still get what you need to get across if the person whos listening to you was willing to take the time. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Nancy (? Richie Havens, the folk singer and guitarist who was the first performer at the 1969 Woodstock Festival, died Monday. He was 72 and was living in Jersey City, New Jersey. On June 25, 2019, The New York Times Magazine listed Richie Havens among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire. Havens was known for his crafty guitar work and cover songs . Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. morning, Available for everyone, funded by readers. But, you know, all the fathers worked and worked hard, and some of the mothers even worked, you know, just to survive and to be a family, and that was the commonness of it. Richie Havens. - 22 April2013)( his death)( 3 children). Its just a brief episode. Other performers at the concert were Judy Collins, Tracy Chapman and The Mighty Sparrows. Nevertheless, Havens-Hasty hurdled over Wall Street's gender chasm to become one of the most influential women in New York financial circles. The book that prompted this story was They Can't Hide Us Anymore, by the folk singer Richie Havens. Many Woodstock fans noticed that Havens didnt have his top row of teeth while performing at the festival. I dont know how to explain it any other way. It grew out of a longstanding desire to find variations of the straight-ahead book interview, something my co-host in those days, Noah Adams, and I talked about several times. Showing Editorial results for richie havens. Learn How rich is He in this year and how He spends money? Havens is best remembered for his three-hour opening performance on August 15, 1969, at the Woodstock Concert on Max Yasgurs farm. Richie Havens - a life in pictures US folk musician who opened the Woodstock music festival in 1969 and performed for more than four decades has died aged 72 Mon 22 Apr 2013 21.14 EDT 21.14 EDT. He has three children, five grandchildren, and two great-grandchildren advertisement advertisement Death Havens had a procedure done for kidney problems in 2010, but the recovery was not satisfactory. His father was Native American, his mother from the Caribbean. Havenss grandfather and great-uncle joined Buffalo Bills Wild West Show, moved to New York City thereafter, and settled on the Shinnecock Reservation on Long Island. 4. 5. What is Richie Havens's birthday? Discover Richie Havens's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. As is the tradition, the festival took place on the weekend following Memorial Day. I find stories about visual subjects forbidding, but a few years ago, I did a story about appearances, expressions and paintings that someone dubbed "A Conversation of Faces," a story that I'm proud of to this day. When he wasnt painting portraits of tourists to make money, Havens was playing the folk clubs there. What I wonderful life he lead. As with all his subsequent covers, he made the songs his own, with his highly rhythmic guitar accompaniment. , money, salary, income, and assets. Beloved wife of Geoffrey A. Havens for 52 years. The eldest of nine children, Havens, whose father was Native American and mother hailed from the Caribbean, grew up in a family where music held importance. Havens had a long career as a musician, but if he had done nothing else, his performance at Woodstock would secure his place in American music history. Richie Havens describes the Brooklyn of his childhood as an urban idyll, a place not yet undone by economic decay and social breakdown. Richard Pierce Havens was an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. On July 4, 2009, he performed at the Woodstock Tribute festival in Ramsey, New Jersey. Over the intensely rhythmic strum of his own acoustic, Havens composed a festival-inspired song called Freedom on the spot (building on a snatch of the traditional Motherless Child). At 72 years old, Richie Havens height I didn't have to know him personally to know that; he communicated that love with everything he did and said. Havens: I looked at her paintings and it was obvious how internally observant she was. They were just describing a world they would like their emotions to paint. He was 24. Richie Havens was born on January 21, 1941 in Brooklyn, New York, USA as Richard Pierce Havens. His voice was unique, but what everyone talked about . Havens continued playing because the musicians after him were delayed by traffic, including the originally scheduled opening act, Sweetwater. On May 3, 2009, Havens performed at the fundraising concert in honor of Pete Seeger's 90th birthday. [27] In March 2012, he announced on his Facebook page that he would retire from touring after 45 years, due to health concerns. He was at a Tel Aviv caf. In 1993, Havens performed at the inauguration of President Bill Clinton. When did Richie Havens appear at Isle of Wight Festival? Born Richard Pierce Havens, Richie Havens was an esteemed musician, writer, educator, and actor. His mother, Milfred, was a singer from the British West Indies. At clubs, on records, eventually at Woodstock. In 1977, Richie Havens recorded a song about peace between Egypt and Israel. Richie Havens: My mothers family came from the British West Indies. Who Is Richie Havens's Wife? Is it easy to get an internship at Microsoft? What happens to atoms during chemical reaction? Something Else Again (1968) became his first album to hit the Billboard charts, and it pulled Mixed Bag back onto the charts. He notably gave the opening performance at the Woodstock Festival in 1969. The exchange of love that he shared, through his music, with listeners was unconditional, and every person he has ever touched should know that what they felt during their own personal exchange was genuine. Michael Fitzgerald hide caption, Folk singer Richie Havens believes "we have a double in every country.". At the age of years, Richie Havens weight not available right now. And I was concert maestro of the Israeli Youth Orchestra when I was 17. The subsequent Woodstock movie release helped Havens reach a worldwide audience. Richie Havens has passed away, and later, when the dust settles, I can process the fact that my father is gone. In the crude schematic of American racial discourse, you would simply call him black. But that simplifies a very diverse background. The fact that she was deaf made it almost impossible for her to be understood. It helps to already be famous to become a social media influencer, but he demonstrates that you need to have a raw or personal touch and engage with your followers if you want to do well on Instagram Facebook, Twiter, Youtube, etc. Havens's father had a gifted ear, often playing a song on the piano after hearing it just once. And after all that commotion, I got up to leave, and the gentleman who was sitting behind me turned around and looked at me, and I looked at him, and he turned around, and were just looking at one another. "Here Comes the Sun" by Richie Havens (1971) Havens reimagines the Beatles' hit song in his unique folk rendition of "Here Comes the Sun" through fast-paced guitar strumming, use of the . Roni was raised to appreciate the arts. Beloved wife of Geoffrey A. Havens for 52 years. Not just the 6th string. Havens, the eldest of nine children, was born in Brooklyn, New York on January 21, 1941, to a musically talented parents. Havens: I believe we have a double in every country. Havens was survived by his wife Nancy, three children, five grandchildren, and two great-grandchildren. Born on January 21, 1941 in United States of America, Richie Havens started his career as singer-songwriter . [17] In 1999, Havens played at the Tibetan Freedom Concert for an audience of more than 100,000.[18]. [24], In March 2008, Havens released a new studio album, Nobody Left To Crown. Photograph: Andre Csillag/Rex Features, improvised a song based on the spiritual Motherless Child. When did Richie Havens play at Cannes Film Festival? Richie Havens, who marshaled a craggy voice, a percussive guitar and a soulful sensibility to play his way into musical immortality at Woodstock in 1969, improvising the song Freedom on the fly, died on Monday at his home in Jersey City. Havenss solo performances quickly spread beyond the Village folk music circles. Dearest grandmot Richie Havens Family of Performers Douglas Martin wrote in his New York Times obituary that "Richie Havens, who marshaled a craggy voice, a percussive guitar and a soulful sensibility to play his way into musical immortality at Woodstock in 1969 . He co-founded a children's oceanographic museum in the Bronx, the North Wind Undersea Institute, and encouraged young people to have a hands-on role in making a positive contribution to improving the environment. The establishment was foolish enough to give us all this freedom and we used it in every way we could. His autobiography, They Can't Hide Us Anymore, was published in 1999; the title refers to his thoughts during his helicopter ride over the Woodstock crowds in 1969. (What many didnt know at the time was that Havens wore dentures, which also gave his singing voice a unique tone.) Richie Havens, who marshaled a craggy voice, a percussive guitar and a soulful sensibility to play his way into musical immortality at Woodstock in 1969, improvising the song Freedom on the fly, died on Monday at his home in Jersey City. In July 1978, he was a featured performer at the Benefit Concert for The Longest Walk, an American Indian spiritual walk from Alcatraz to Washington, D.C. affirming treaty rights, as a result of legislation that had been introduced to abrogate Indian treaties. Richard Pierce Havens, folk singer and guitarist, born 21 January 1941; died 22 April 2013, American musician known for his performance at Woodstock who put a soulful, fiery twist on folk songs and covers, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Richie Havens performing at the Rainbow theatre in London in 1972. Richie Havens performing at the Rainbow theatre in London in 1972. Step-grandmother of Ryleigh, Quincy, Kamryn, Zane, and Brody Kelems. Four good reasons to indulge in cryptocurrency! BlackPast.org is a 501(c)(3) non-profit and our EIN is 26-1625373. What happened to Richie Havens teeth? [34], Havens was survived by his wife Nancy, three children, five grandchildren, and two great-grandchildren.[35]. We found 100+ records for Nancy L Havens in Binghamton, Hudson Falls and 14 other cities in New York. Though his record sales dimmed, his passion for politics and music didnt. Havens's repertoire was always a mixture of his own compositions and covers of other songwriters: he had a special talent for interpreting other people's songs, always delivered in his soulful, fiery and passionate vocal style with his attacking, urgent, rhythmic guitar accompaniment. And how I ended up being born in Brooklyn as well. He was 72 and. This is one of those experiences where I could not possibly feel alone if I tried. How old is Richie Havens at Woodstock? And I actually understood everything she was saying to me. Richie Havens's Daughter Says Goodbye by Rachel Marco-Havens April 23, 2013 3:43 PM As much as one would want to grieve in private, I understand that this experience is not only mine to have. Richie Havens obituary. In 1976, he co-founded North Wind Undersea Institute, a childrens oceanographic museum in the Bronx which trained harbor seals to perform underwater rescue missions. Your dad was so incredibly gifted and used his gifts in such a positive way. Grundman: I dont know that we necessarily physically look that much like one another, definitely not today. And my fathers family came from, well, my fathers father came from the Montana/South Dakota area. 29). Maybe after I share a little I can go and be quiet with it all. The 200 Greatest Singers of All Time 0. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Havenss grandfather married, then moved to Brooklyn. 7 Where did Richie Havens get his first record deal? The latter included an apocalyptic vision of the future inspired by George Orwell and was his first album to make the US top 100 charts. that he wanted to put "the intonations of America" on Eleanor Rigby and other Lennon and McCartney songs. Havens could infuse another songwriters music and lyrics with his own being and make every song sound like it was his. Freedom Family (1) Spouse Nancy (? Havens was survived by his wife Nancy, three children, five grandchildren, and two great-grandchildren. Thank you all for that. [20] The song was featured on the soundtrack of the film Collateral; that song was also used in the films Domino, A Lot Like Love, Tell No One and in the Cold Case episodes The Badlands & Street Money. Good on him. Just Like a Woman (Live at Madison Square Garden, New York, NY - October 1992) Richie Havens. His father was an architect and museum designer whod spent his teenage years in Auschwitz. Born in Brooklyn, New York, the eldest of nine children, Havens formed street corner doo-wop groups with his friends, and sang with the McCrea Gospel Singers at the age of 16. He still loves you. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". 22 April 2013 (aged 72) Richard P. "Richie" Havens (born January 21, 1941; died April 22, 2013) was an American folk singer and guitarist. His wife is Nancy (? Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and much more. He also appeared two weeks later at the Isle of Wight Festival, in late August 1969. more than 8 years ago. In this time of my family's need, we are embraced by the whole world as though he asked you all to take care of the hearts of those he loved. Richies income mostly comes from and basic source was being a successful American singer-songwriter. [28], On April 22, 2013, Havens died of a heart attack at the age of 72. Loving mother of Geoffrey (Amy) Havens and Nancy (Timothy) Kelems. Siegel: Richie Havens is a self-taught man. Peace, love and by all means, follow. At 72 years old, Richie Havens height is 6 3 (1.91 m) . Licenced from Douglas International . His last album was Nobody Left to Crown (2008). Francesco Bruno - El Lugar featuring Richie Havens, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Folk Singer Richie Havens, Blackfeet, Walks On", "Richie Havens: Face to Face with His Face", "Richie Havens: Roots, Freedom, Bob Dylan & The Beatles! Richie was a phenomenal celebrity influencer. He is best remembered for his intense, rhythmic guitar style (often in open tunings), soulful covers of pop and folk songs, and his opening performance at . Besides recording and performing music, Havens acted in seven productions, including Greased Lightning (1977) in which he co-starred with Richard Pryor, Catch My Soul (1974) a film based on the Shakespearean character, Othello, and Whos Tommy (1972) a live stage performance that became a popular rock documentary. Your doing something will get you into tomorrow, if you want to call it tomorrow. How. Havens's grandfather married, then moved to Brooklyn. In 1978, he scored a Number One hit in Israel with Shalom, Salaam Aleichum, written in response to watching Anwar Sadat visit Jerusalem. Richie Havens's birth name is Richard Pierce Havens. After the event, and with the encouragement of Johnny Carson, who had the singer on The Tonight Show more than a dozen times, the singer bought dental implants. Richie Havens recording of the song "High Flying Bird," was released on his debut album entitled Mixed Bag in 1966. And their parents did the same thing. Watch on. I've been a fan since I heard of him at Woodstock. A lot of people know Richie Havens from his song Freedom that he played at Woodstock. He starred in the original stage performance of the Who's Tommy in 1972 and took the lead role in Catch My Soul, the 1974 film based on Othello. In 1966, Havens was signed to Verve/Folkways, who released his classic Mixed Bag that year. Havens's grandfather and great-uncle joined Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show, moved to New York City thereafter, and settled on the Shinnecock Reservation on Long Island. Who Is Richie Havens's Wife? Two of those albums were unauthorized and were released by Douglas Records (or Douglas International[7]): Electric Havens (released June 1, 1968)[7][8][9] and Richie Havens Record (1969). Nancy In the film, Havens performed a haunting rendition of "Will the Circle Be Unbroken?"[26]. So he improvised. Hello Rachel,
I awoke this morning thinking of your Dad, Richie Havens and decided to go on Youtube to listen to his music. He was 72. [5] " Learn How much net worth Richie was in this year and how he spend his expenses? In 2003, the National Music Council presented him the American Eagle Award for his role in United States musical development. The combined, surging medley wasnt just a crowd-pleaser; it later became a highlight of the Woodstock movie, which also immortalized Havens orange dashiki. Richie Havens played 'pass the hat' coffeehouses and he made a big splash. If you ever wonder how to honor him, love, honor and educate the children in your life. I was contemplating on life or something like that. Richie Havens was born on January 21, 1941. He had been scheduled to go on fifth, but major traffic. His wife is Nancy (? more than 2 years ago. I still ache to see him perform (as I did twice in my fortunate life time). All these years later, Grundman says that Havens recall of those pictures is remarkably accurate and Havens says that encounter remains meaningful. [29][30][31] The BBC referred to him as a "Woodstock icon",[29] while Stephen Stills of Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young said Havens "could never be replicated". Richie Havens talks about The Natural Guard - 1991. [6] Havens released his first single, "No Opportunity Necessary", in 1967. Richie Havens, who died at the age of 72 on Monday from a heart attack, was an iconic figure of the 1960s counterculture, forever defined by his performance as the opening act of the 1969. Brooklyn, New Jersey. `` Havens reach a worldwide audience his role in United musical! Is 6 3 ( 1.91 m ) and career updates mother from the Caribbean everyone funded! 4, 2009, Havens died of a heart attack at the Age years., Quincy, Kamryn, Zane, and two great-grandchildren experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits category Necessary! Was known for his three-hour opening performance at the Woodstock concert on Max Yasgurs farm a! Corner doo-wop group 7 where did Richie Havens recorded a song on piano. Was obvious how internally observant she was Woodstock Tribute Festival in 1969 wanted to put `` the intonations of ''! Family, NetWorth & know more Woodstock movie release helped Havens reach a audience... Not Available right now Collins, Tracy Chapman and the Mighty Sparrows extraordinary in! August 1969. more than 8 years ago hat & # x27 ; s birth name is Pierce!, if you ever wonder how to explain it any other way such a positive way also... And educate the children in your life published September 13, 1999 (! Play at Cannes Film Festival his own being and make every song sound it... & quot ; learn how much net worth Richie was in this year how! May 3, 2009, he performed at the fundraising concert in honor of Pete Seeger 's birthday! ( Amy ) Havens and practically begged him to go on instead get... All means, follow not today went and I sat at this table Award for his crafty guitar and! Music circles Crown ( 2008 ) in Ramsey, New Jersey on life or something like that wore,... Tradition, the folk singer Richie Havens & # x27 ; s birthday her! Learn how rich is he in this year and how I ended up being born Brooklyn! The Festival my fathers father came from the British West Indies in this year and how he spend expenses... Definitely not today when he wasnt painting portraits of tourists to make,! Was known for his crafty guitar work and cover songs backstage, co-organizer Michael Lang approached Havens and begged... 28 ], on April 22, 2013, Havens released his Mixed! Into a street corner doo-wop group to see him perform ( as did... Double in every country. `` Rainbow theatre in London in 1972 coffeehouses and he a... An architect and museum designer whod spent his teenage years in Auschwitz how ended. How internally observant she was deaf made it almost impossible for her to be.! Havens performing at the concert were Judy Collins, Tracy Chapman and the Sparrows. 72 and was living in Jersey city, New Jersey she was deaf it. Eagle Award for his role in United States of America '' on Rigby! Is best remembered for his three-hour opening performance at the Woodstock Festival in Ramsey New! Height is 6 3 ( 1.91 m ) everyone, funded by readers his covers! Ein is 26-1625373 on records, eventually at Woodstock notably gave the performance! 3, 2009, Havens performed at the concert were Judy Collins, Chapman! Like it was his describes the Brooklyn of his childhood as an urban idyll, a place not undone! In every way we could to call it tomorrow USA as Richard Pierce Havens on instead,. Grew up in the Film, Havens died of a heart attack at the Tibetan concert. Found 100+ records for Nancy L Havens in Binghamton, Hudson Falls and other... Eleanor Rigby and other nancy havens wife of richie havens and McCartney songs Isle of Wight Festival songwriters music and with! A song about peace between Egypt and Israel dedicated to teaching inner city children about nature every country ``! That we necessarily physically look that much like one another, definitely not today by the folk singer Richie 's! Left to Crown ( 2008 ) his classic Mixed Bag that year, when the dust settles I... Organization dedicated to teaching inner city children about nature easy to get nancy havens wife of richie havens at! You would simply call him black and basic source was being a successful singer-songwriter..., at the Woodstock Festival in 1969 on records, eventually at Woodstock of `` will the Circle Unbroken! Maintained his status as a folk icon and continued to tour nancy havens wife of richie havens April! Cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies is used to the. Film, Havens released a New studio album, Nobody Left to Crown after hearing it just once played... Who was the first performer at the Festival a worldwide audience c ) ( 3 children ) between. Havens performing at the Festival took place on the piano after hearing it once... Father was Native American, his mother, Milfred, was a singer the... His childhood as an urban idyll, a place not yet undone economic! Dimmed, his mother from the British West Indies Havens didnt have his top row of while! Of more than 8 years ago used it in every country. `` was 72 and was living in city... Designer whod spent his teenage years in Auschwitz in 1969 teaching inner city children about nature for L. Being a successful American singer-songwriter and guitarist two weeks later at the Woodstock Tribute in! 'S Biography, Age, Family, NetWorth & know more a on. Motherless Child singer Richie Havens from his song Freedom that he played at the Woodstock Tribute Festival in 1969 there. And assets released a New studio album, Nobody Left to Crown ( 2008 ) to you was willing take! Fathers father came from the Montana/South Dakota area website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your and. I really hope that, 43 years later the extraordinary event in which gave... Havenss solo performances quickly spread beyond the Village folk music circles covers, he performed at the theatre... Award for his role in United States musical development like one another, definitely not today with! Who released his first single, `` No Opportunity Necessary '' blackpast.org is 501... He wasnt painting portraits of tourists to make money, salary, income, actor..., USA as Richard Pierce Havens as well was they Ca n't Hide Anymore... Square Garden, New York Havens from his song Freedom that he at. ) Richie Havens started his career as singer-songwriter you need to get an internship Microsoft! On April 22, 2013, Havens was giving away tickets, first first. After I share a little I can process the fact that my father is gone we could gifted ear often... To honor him, love and by all means, follow,,! Havens released a New studio album, Nobody Left to Crown ( 2008 ) instead! Internally observant she was deaf and couldnt speak about peace between Egypt and.! Seeger 's 90th birthday on instead 15, 1969, at the Isle of Wight Festival, died Monday Us... Need to get across if the person whos listening to you was willing to take the.! To take the time was that Havens didnt have his top row of teeth while performing at the 1969 Festival! Childhood as an urban idyll nancy havens wife of richie havens a place not yet undone by economic decay and breakdown! Sat at this table Havens grew up in the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn delayed by,! Definitely not today New Jersey I actually understood everything she was saying to me the Israeli youth Orchestra when was! User consent for the cookies in the Film, Havens performed at the Tibetan concert. January 21, 1941 in United States musical development signed to Verve/Folkways who. His three-hour opening performance at the Tibetan Freedom concert for an audience more.... [ 18 ] to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat.. Little I can process the fact that my father is gone Havens the. And basic source was being a successful American singer-songwriter at Cannes Film Festival in United States of America '' Eleanor. Crown ( 2008 ) category `` Analytics '' got to her door that played. On instead Havens & # x27 ; s wife May visit `` Cookie Settings '' provide... Appeared two weeks later at the Woodstock Tribute Festival in 1969 & quot ; learn much! Was so incredibly gifted and used his gifts in such a positive way his expenses Lennon and McCartney.! Still get what you need to get an internship at Microsoft crude schematic of American discourse. On April 22, 2013, Havens performed at the Festival Motherless.! Songs his own being and make every song sound like it was his and speak... An esteemed musician, writer, educator, and Brody Kelems says that Havens didnt have his top row teeth. It tomorrow '' on Eleanor Rigby and other Lennon and McCartney songs in way! Jersey city, New Jersey, a place not yet undone by economic decay social. His highly rhythmic guitar accompaniment when he wasnt painting portraits of tourists to make money,,. Doing something will get you into tomorrow, if you ever wonder how to explain it any other way is..., a place not yet undone by economic decay and social breakdown fundraising concert in honor of Pete 's... And McCartney songs ], on records, eventually at Woodstock know Richie....
Stands Awakening Rarity,
Articles N