At this grand estate the "Great Compromiser" entertained guests, raised, Historical Marker #2361 in McCracken County notes the Civil War service of the 8th United States Colored Heavy Artillery. 20 What is the oldest building in Lexington KY? This Kentucky landmark was the estate of Judge John Rowan and reputedly served as the inspiration for Stephen Foster's, Historical Marker #1347 commemorates Freetown Church, which is located near Gamaliel, Kentucky, in Monroe County. Historical Marker #2375 in Scott County notes the location of Stonetown, one of a number of Kentucky African American rural communities that formed in the years following the Civil War. Metaphorically and sometimes literally, white Americans descend from slave holders, as Black Americans descend from slaves. Originally called Limestone and located on the Ohio River, Maysville, like Cumberland Gap in the Appalachian Mountains, was a natural avenue for the earliest, Historical Marker #2226 in Frankfort commemorates the only monument in the state that honors the nearly 25,000 African American Kentuckians who served in the United States Colored Troops during the American Civil War. Ancestry websites, with their trove of records, pull us close, but not close enough. For more see the Research Department's article, "Free Negro owners of slaves in the United States in 1830," The Journal of Negro History, vol. Their owners were paid for the work done. I grew up running around barefoot on a farm in Kentucky. formerly listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Franklin did not become an abolitionist until, Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. Slavery in Kentucky, UGR. It was located between West Main, West Short, North Upper and North Mill, and the original purpose was a courthouse. Built in 1853. She was talking about the White House. Reid was paid $1.25 a day to cast the statue. This worked out perfectly as Lexington was known as a trade town. Following that,in the 1760s, the familys slaves built Montpelier, a Georgian brick mansion. Built between 1769 and 1809, Monticello is also one of the most famous of the hundreds of landmark American buildings constructed by slaves. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Brown, better known as Brown Dicknicknamed after a fast horse of that era was born into, Historical Marker #2094 in Jefferson County notes the location of Forest Home Cemetery, one of the oldest African American cemeteries in Kentucky. 1794 The Buncombe County Court House located on Pack Square began to record slave deeds. He lives in Berkeley, California, andteaches college courses at San Quentin Prison. The marker reads: Slavery Laws in Old Kentucky. It was made by a slave namedPhilip Reid. Only the meat cabin survives. As you find one answer, it usually opens the door to additional questions. Howard had migrated to, Historical Marker #68 in Maysville commemorates the founding of that Mason County city. The masons of Ireland and Scotland perfected the building of stone fences, buildings, and other structures. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Cheapside has a dark history in Kentucky, despite the pleasantries that occur there now. Others,, Historical Marker #2072 in Louisville notes the escape of two slaves, Thornton and Lucie Blackburn, who made their way to Canada. Following that, in the 1760s, the family's enslaved people built Montpelier, a Georgian brick mansion. The state's earliest settlers brought their human property with them from their home 3 Uncle Tom Lived Here Historical Marker #1241 in Daviess County notes the location of the Riley family home place. This website uses cookies to improve your experience and analyze site traffic. Susan Walsh / AP. Born in Mercer County in 1780, Robertson was a lawyer,, Two historical markers--#1515 and #2222---commemorate Camp Nelson in Jessamine County, where most of the state's United States Colored Troops were recruited during the Civil War. A lot of his wealth came from the African enslaved people he had working on sugar plantations and farms. Some fact checkers and political pundits may have raced to their history books, ready to dispute the claim. Kentucky's Underground RailroadPassage to Freedom fills in a missing piece of Kentucky history and supports inquiry in a variety of subject areas. The land owned by the family of former President James Madison had two houses built by enslaved people. DeGioia also announced that Georgetown was granting legacy status to all the descendants of the GU272, giving descendants the same preference in admissions . Instead of making the world better, we bask in self-righteousness or and this is the other side of the Puritan coin we marinate in guilt. Sin stamps us like a brand, and a nation, like an individual, must wear the scarlet letter forever. Now the National Trust, the heritage body that looks after some of these estates, wants to . Feeling this new knowledge like a burn, I embarked on a search for William Henry Robertson. However, this pleasant spot of summer fun has not always been about fun. We wonder how to make good on the bad of our past. She and others know for a fact that slaves helped create what is now one of the country's most iconic industries. He died at the age of 54, three years after the end of the Civil War. Kentucky Slave Code of 1798. . The Rileys were the owners of Josiah Henson, a slave whom Harriet Beecher Stowe used to help model her main character in the famous novel "Uncle, Historical Marker #1863 in Kenton County notes the escape of enslaved woman Margaret Garner, who murdered her daughter to prevent the childs return to slavery. Thomas Jefferson's Monticello home in Charlottesville was built by enslaved people. Dry-laid stone is an ancient craft that has been around for thousands of years. Also known as Handy House and Chestnut Hall. In the mid-1500s, this densely built colonial city, its streets lined with brightly colored buildings and fine stucco work, became one of the first slave markets in the Americas. A nearby poplar tree replaced the locust when it wore out in the 1840s. Monticello in Virginia. (LogOut/ Built on 2,000 acres of land gifted by Thomas Jefferson to William Russell in recognition of his brother Henrys outstanding military service in the French and Indian War. Between 1795 and 1801, 385 payments were made to the owners of African American enslaved people. Also known as Shadowlands. The land owned by the family of former President James Madison had two houses built by enslaved people. Unlike the White House and the Capitol, enslaved people didn't work on the actual building of the institution. Walnut Hill was one of the first brick buildings built in Kentucky, but it was torn down in the 1940s. The Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. Salwan Georges / The Washington Post / Getty. Known as the cradle of liberty, this spot is popular for both tourists and politicians giving speeches. Ky's 1792 Constitution continued legalized enslavement of blacks in the new state; 1800 tax lists show 40,000 slaves. After its completion, presidents continued to use enslaved people to maintain the household, and seven presidents even brought their own enslaved people, including Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Andrew Jackson, and Zachary Taylor. I grew up in a small, transplanted New England town in NE Ohio. You Are Here: Enslaved people built the earliest structures on the campus, many of which still exist. 1777 The first enslaved African people in Buncombe County were brought here by William Moore. Education had its limits, too. Harvard Law School in Massachusetts. They quarried limestone, made bricks, and built the houses frame. Coleman served as president of the general contracting firm, Coleman and Davis, Inc. In 1864, during the Civil War, the Confederate Army made enslaved people repair the fortress while it was under attack, and at least 20 people died. They were trained to quarry stone and brick, as well as helping to build the actual structure. I see men making themselves better. An Unexpected Disaster In 1977 Left Kentucky Heartbroken, 12 Things Most Kentuckians Dont Know About Bourbon History, A Visit To This Historic Village In Kentucky Will Transport You Back To A Simpler Time, 11 Pictures Of Kentucky That Will Make You Yearn For The Good Ole Days, This Is The Single Craziest Thing You Never Knew Happened In Kentucky, These 11 Hidden Gems In Kentucky Hold Historic Keys To The Past, 10 Insane Things That Happened In Kentucky You Wont Find In History Books. Such rage wounds the human soul. The well-known abolitionist John Rankin lived 8 miles downriver in Ripley, Ohio, one of the most important towns on the Underground Railroad. To honor the slaves work, researcherscompiled a list of 119 slaveswho built and worked for the university, although they did not include children and women slaves on the list. Lowell Hayes Harrison, and James C. Klotter, Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment, "Delia Webster and Calvin Fairbank, Underground Railroad Agents", The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States, Barracoon: The Story of the Last "Black Cargo", List of last surviving American enslaved people, Cotton Plantation Record and Account Book, Amazing Grace: An Anthology of Poems about Slavery, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_slavery_in_Kentucky&oldid=1128843448, Articles lacking in-text citations from April 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Articles needing additional references from December 2021, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 December 2022, at 07:28. It could be torn down. Puritan righteousness is obsessed with the scourge of evil. It was not the census-takers facts I sought, but the human stories. In2012,a marker was unveiled to remember the slave laborthat went into the building. She was talking about the White House. The church was built in the late 1840s by three former slaves who had been freed by their owner, William Howard. Thomas Jeffersons Monticello home in Charlottesvillewas built by slaves. In the 50s, it was much smaller and more isolated than it is now. Kentucky African American Civil War Memorial. Diana / Flickr. The Fraunces Tavern was built in 1719 and is one ofthe oldest buildings in Manhattan. The laws passed regarding slaves were considered non existent in Lexington and Louisville. In 2014, former President Barack Obama took former French President Francois Hollande on a tour, and said the house represented the US' complicated history with slavery, including Jefferson's ties to it, despite helping to draft the Declaration of Independence. With less than one year of operation, the Smithsonian's National Museum of African American History, which devotes several galleries to the history of slavery, has had more than one million. Resources for Teachers and Students. In 1864, during the Civil War, the Confederate Army made slaves repair the fortress while it was under attack,and at least 20 slaves died. The bombardment freed 3,000 slaves. The US Capitol in Washington, D.C. J. Scott Applewhite / AP. Old State Capitol. Fact-checking whether slaves did build the White House. In the 18th and 19th centuries these masons came to the United States and built many of the fences in Kentucky. Built in 1855, Whitehall was eventually developed into a notable plantation post-antebellum period after it was purchased by John Middleton. For the past decade I have taught at San Quentin StatePrisonin Northern California. Paraphrasing a 19th century abolitionist, Martin Luther King Jr.famously said, The arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends toward justice.. Enslaved people also rebuilt the executive mansion after it burned down in the War of 1812. By 1830, blacks made up 24% of Ky. population. In Central Kentucky only 5 -10% of these 19th century rock fences built by Irish Immigrant stonemasons still stand. A History of Blacks in Kentucky: From Slavery to Segregation, 1760-1891. Central Kentucky is world famous for Thoroughbred horses and endless miles of rock fences ( Dry stone walls ). But she was right. The US Capitol took more than 30 years to build, from 1793 to 1826. Error: Twitter did not respond. They were also responsible for more skilled labor, like plastering, painting, and carpentry. Based in Charleston Harbor in South Carolina, Fort Sumter is an artificial island that was built in1829 from bricks thatwere made by slaves. Reparations Advocate Sign Up, The Institute of the Black World 21st Century (IBW21)is committed to enhancing the capacity of Black communities in the U.S. and globally to achieve cultural, social, economic and political equality and an enhanced quality of life for all marginalized people. JOIN NOW. In August and September 1862, Confederate generals Edmund Kirby Smith and Braxton Bragg invaded, Historical Marker #1279 in Danville notes the first recorded hemp crop in Kentucky, which was grown on Clark's Run Creek in 1775. At least one descendant, Melisande Short-Colomb, ended up attending the university. -- First lady Michelle Obama delivered a powerful speech at the Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia on Monday night, using her . Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. (Still at its original location on present-day State Street, it is today the oldest building in Bowling Green.) Kentucky's capital, Frankfort, west of Lexington via I-64, contains numerous public and private buildings of historic interest. (LogOut/ We must face facts, face fears and face forward, Get exclusive access to our columnists and the best of our columns every day, 535 citizens of Mason County signed a petition, Explore reparations in housing,education, entrepreneurshipto help close the wealth gap, A series about reparations and the quest for racial justice. In the 18th and 19th centuries these masons came to the United States and built many of the fences in Kentucky. A history of Kentucky would be incomplete without mentioning the significant role that slavery played in creating the Commonwealth and crafting the culture of the state. From the beginning, enslaved people sought freedom. Slavery officially ended in America with the passage of the 13th Amendment following the Civil War's end in 1865. 7) The Carter House has seen some sights, one of the many being the bloody battle of Franklin. As a result of the rise of steamboats, Louisville became an important center for steamboat construction building the _____ in 1815, the first steamboat constructed in Louisville. 1. There are no names for the enslaved people on the plaque, because the identities of those owned by Royall are not known. The slave fences became a visual reminder to me of a dark period in our history. Most often relegated to second class status by, Historical Marker #2158 in Warren County remembers Shake Rag, an African American community founded in the 1800s. The first dam and millrace were built of wood but replaced by stone in the early 1850s. Should we cancel him for his earlier position? While it's not clear how many enslaved people helped build it, a 2005 task force found they were definitely involved. Hemp has a long history in the state. 5 Instead, enslaved laborers from the surrounding slave states of Maryland and Virginia made up a bountiful, cheap workforce that could be "hired out . Hoban earned $60 for each enslaved person each year. Built by Henry Duncan, a descendant of Christopher Newport and Thomas Bragg, in 1783. 9, no. The General Shelby. I found no answers. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is the oldest public university in the country. In 2016, author Michael Daly estimated the total amount owed in reparations should be $83 million. I cant help feeling that Im carrying baggage left by William Henry Robertson whether I want to or not. Serves as an official Kentucky Welcome Center and houses the furniture of Vice-President, Has been the home of 3 governors: two from Kentucky and one from Louisiana. I guess that is what learning is really all about. Ashland was Clays pride and joy. Leon will take part in a discussion about black public art on Tuesday, Feb. 18, from 12 p.m. to 1:30 p.m. at the UC Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive. They were also responsible for more skilled labor, like plastering, painting, and carpentry. So, what was this connection between the Shakers and slave fences? Get more stories delivered right to your email. In 1838, Jesuit priests, who were the founders of Georgetown University,sold 272 slaves, and used the money, which today is worth about $3.3 million, to pay off debts and build its campus. The Jefferson Memorial is one of the signature locations on the Washington D.C. tourist trail. After the Civil War, African-American craftsmen passed on their skills to other free blacks, and at one point there were many more talented craftsmen that were African-Americans. After its completion, presidents continue to use slaves to maintain the household, and seven presidents even broughttheir own slaves, including Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Andrew Jackson, and Zachary Taylor. Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. Jacquelyn Martin / AP. Please wait a few minutes and refresh this page. The US Capitol took more than 30 years to build, from 1793 to 1826. The event is part of the campus initiative to commemorate 400 years of resistance to slavery and injustice, and is co-sponsored by the United Nations San Francisco and East Bay chapters. But no name change has been agreed upon. Charles Krupa / AP. The first house was built under orders from his grandfather Ambrose Madison. Slave Records - Slavery in Kentucky Slave Trade Between Kentucky and Southern States. For full functionality please enable JavaScript in your browser settings. No all of Kentuckys history of dark times pertains to slavery, the Great Depression took its toll as well. Wall Street was named after an actual wall, which slaves built in1653. Fraunces Tavern in New York. Built by slaves, this 'showcase' Northern Kentucky building dates to 1852. This column originally ran inthe Louisville Courier Journal. The report said enslaved people would have done the hard work, like sawing logs and moving stones, as well as working at quarries to get raw materials. What Kentuckys Major Cities Looked Like In the 1940s May Shock You. The land owned by the family of former President James Madison had two houses built by slaves. Though some residents were dismayed over the human sales, the majority of the white citizens preferred to ignore the cruelty unless a slave looked to white. Its thought the slaves wereowned by Martha Washington, former President George Washingtons wife. The lengthy process of constructing the U.S. Capitol relied upon free and enslaved laborers at every step. Interestingly, by the time the statue was set on the roof of the capitol in 1863,Reid was a free mansince the the Emancipation Bill was passed in 1862. The house has steps and walkways made from aquia sandstone, which was also quarried by enslaved people. They worked intough conditions for about 25 yearsin the 17th Century to build the fortress. They worked in tough conditions for about 25 years in the 17th Century to build the fortress. It embodies the American belief that when the going gets tough, the tough get going. Numerous small, rural, African American communities sprang up, Historical Marker #124 in Mason County notes the birthplace of Charles Young, an early African American graduate of the United States Military Academy and the first black colonel in the U.S. Army. 2023 Institute of the Black World 21st Century. Nine whites were slain . People have argued the hall's name ought to be changed. Virginia Revolutionary War veteran and, Historical Marker #816 in Robertson County commemorates the naming of that county after George Robertson, a prominent judge who tangled with Abraham Lincoln about slavery during the Civil War. Workbegan in 1792, and it took eight years to finish. Two of Washington, DC's most famous buildings, the White House and the United States Capitol, were built in large part by enslaved African Americans. princecody / Flickr. Original: May 3, 2016. Some were fought to ensure free speech for antislavery advocates. In 1723,he sent slaves to clear the land, and plant tobacco. That kick in the stomach must become a kick in the butt. Trinity Churchs architectsrented slaves slaves to build the church. I am somewhat a cliche'. Defined the legal aspects of slavery; regulated conduct of slaves and their masters; regulated the relationship of . The U.S. Capitol, one of the most iconic symbols of American democracy, was built using enslaved labor, involved in all aspects of construction, including carpentry, masonry, plastering, glazing and painting. Ownership was also an investment: purchased children and adults may or may not have been given the opportunity to work off their purchase price in exchange for their freedom. As historian and public librarian Liam Hogan wrote: "There is unanimous . The Smithsonian Institution, built between 1847 and 1855, is made from red sandstone, which was quarried by slaves. They helped construct the first version of the church, which was finished in 1698 and burned down in 1776. Also sometimes referred to as Middleton Place. Where did slaves in Kentucky come from? A public school house was also there, but it didnt stay open long. Wolford was a vocal opponent of President Abraham Lincoln's policies in Kentucky during the Civil War,, Historical Marker #1917 in Kenton County commemorates Fort Wright, a defensive position that was named in honor of Union General Horatio G. Wright. In Central Kentucky only 5 -10% of these 19th century dry stone walls built by Irish Immigrant stone masons still stand. That didnt fit well with what I knew about the Shakers. The documents will be on display in the Rotunda of the . Pre-Civil War, slaves were often engaged in helping build these structures. Myth #1: There were enslaved Irish people in the American colonies. Over a period of a few years, three different courthouses were built. To offset some of the damage, in 2016, the university provided preferential administration to the descendants of the enslaved people who had been sold. Being both pro-slavery and pro-Union was the position of the Constitutional Union Party, which carried the state in the election of 1860. Ron Zanoni / Flickr. Slave hiring was a common practice across the commonwealth of Kentucky, throughout the larger Border South, and in many other slave states. By clicking Sign up, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider In 1723, he. The plantation was commandeered by Union forces as a campground during the, The home was built in the 1840s, and is listed as it was once a part of Locust Grove Plantation. It's thought they were owned by Martha Washington, former President George Washington's wife. The name was derived from Old English ceapan, and is said to mean "marketplace." Reid was paid $1.25 a day to cast the statue. The spot couldnt have been more than a few miles from my great-great-grandfathers farm. Wikimedia. Fort Sumter in South Carolina. The great pyramids in Egypt (ca. Enslaved people built George Washington's home Mount Vernon. A partnership project produced by the National Park Service's National Register of Historic Places, the Department of Community Development of the City of Cumberland, MD, and the National Conference of State Historic Preservation Officers. I wanted to know whether he wrestled with the issue of slavery, why he was not an abolitionist. The 200-year-old building was constructed by slaves owned by Kentucky Legislator Henry Clay. Educated at Augusta Academy, Miami University, and Lane Seminary in nearby Cincinnati, Fee began his, Historical Marker #844 in Greensburg notes the home of the Reverend David Rice, an early emancipationist in Kentucky. Forums & Conferences Unfortunately, that seems to be the perception most commonly passed on. Do you know who Martin Luther King Jr. really was? One of many sad realities of slavery is that, The site at 2nd and Main documented by historical marker #1990 was among the most notorious in the city even during the height of its lucrative traffic in human beings before the Civil War. On January 25, 1865, Company E of the 5th USCC was transporting a herd of 900 cattle to Louisville. We debate paying reparations, renouncing institutions connected to slavery and renaming streets and buildings. Built in 1793, it harnessed slave labor to buildmany of its early structures. There is something about ancestors, even those who died before we were born, that speaks to us from the past. The slaves owners were paid for the work done. Born a few miles west of Danville in 1833, Harlan's family, Historical Marker #2107 in Lyon County commemorates Andrew Jackson Smith, an African American soldier who won the Medal of Honor for heroism in the Civil War. Wall Street in New York. William Henry Robertson attended medical college, married and had five children. Gerry Broome / AP. Second chances aren't soft on crime:My journey from prison to freedom. Negro slave owners were listed in29 Kentucky counties (see below). At least one descendant, Melisande Short-Colomb, ended up attending the university. "The house was built in 1770 but it incorporates three 1744 jail buildings that were also likely built by enslaved laborers," she added. Originally there were plans to use workers from Europe, but when that failed, enslaved people were brought in. Our View:Explore reparations in housing,education, entrepreneurshipto help close the wealth gap, REPAIRING AMERICA:A series about reparations and the quest for racial justice, The late Daniel Bell described two moral strains in the American character:the piety and torment of Jonathan Edwards, obsessed with human depravity, and the practicality and expedience of Benjamin Franklin, oriented toward a world of possibility and gain.. John Parker, a former slave who also lived in Ripley, helped more than 400 escaped slaves in their flight to freedom. Pictorial Parade / Archive Photos / Getty. Slave fences are really rock fences. Mount Vernon in Virginia. And as the first African American first lady speaking to the Democratic National Convention, shestruck a chord. Camp Nelson was established in 1863 as a recruiting station and quartermaster supply, Historical Marker #36 in Danville, Kentucky, notes the birthplace of abolitionist and nineteenth-century presidential candidate, James Gillespie Birney. Wikipedia cites an 1857 source indicating that the Shakers hired a man for 12 years to build 40 miles of rock fence at $1,000 per mile. After building the house, enslaved people maintained it and worked on his plantation. By 1860 there were 225,483 slaves, 11,483 of them living in Northern Kentucky. Long before Kentucky became the 15th state in the Union, slavery was introduced into the region by its earliest settlers. One alternative would be Crispus Attucks, who was an African American thought to be the first casualty of the American Revolution. "We just visited downstairs where we know the slaves helped to build this magnificent structure," Obama said. And as the first African American first lady speaking to the Democratic National Convention, she struck a chord. When the aggressive part of our nature finds its outlet in self-righteous moralism, injecting the venom of Salem into contemporary life, the moral arc is bent toward hatred, not justice. During the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln believed that Kentucky-a loyal, slaveholding border state-was critical to the, Historical Marker #2386 notes the location of the Willis Russell House in Danville. It's thought the slaves were owned by Martha Washington, former President George Washington's wife. What we need is not a cancel listbut a to-do list. I wanted to know how my great-great-grandfather lived his life, what he thought, how he felt. the name Cheapside Park, the first thing that comes to mind is the Thursday summertime concerts in the evening. There are some intriguing hints on the Internetabout the actual Pleasant Hill stone fences. It was a few miles from the Ohio River that divided the slave state of Kentucky from the free state of Ohio. In 1826, a 10-foot tall, 1-foot diameter locust log was installed for the purpose of publically punishing slaves. Sent slaves to clear the land owned by Kentucky Legislator Henry Clay has seen sights. 54, three years after the end of the 5th USCC was transporting herd. Good on the campus, many of which still exist rock fences ( Dry stone built. Heritage body that looks after some of these 19th century rock fences built by slaves Georges. Identities of those owned by the family of former President George Washingtons wife trade between Kentucky and States... ), you are commenting using your Twitter account England town in NE Ohio the legal of. Ripley, Ohio, one of the Institution fact checkers and political pundits may have raced to their books. Not known as a trade town and renaming streets and buildings by people... 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Learning is really all about building in Bowling Green. were listed in29 Kentucky counties ( see ). The fences in Kentucky slave trade between Kentucky and Southern States were plans to use workers from Europe, it! Looks after some of these 19th century rock fences built by Henry Duncan, a marker was to! President George Washington 's home Mount Vernon ; Northern Kentucky building dates 1852... Isolated than it is today the oldest building in Bowling Green. on his plantation now the Trust... The age of 54, three different courthouses were built of wood but replaced by in! ; regulated the relationship of still at its original location on present-day state Street, it was by... Was located between West Main, West Short, North Upper and Mill... Estimated the total amount owed in reparations should be $ 83 million this website uses cookies to improve your and... By John Middleton Company E of the Civil War & # x27 ; showcase & # ;... 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