In computer science and artificial intelligence, there has been a recent thread of work on citation recommendation, concerned with identifying relevant citations given a piece of text and possibly other meta-data (e.g., authors, etc.) The scientist doing basic research may not be at all interested in the practical applications of his work, yet the further progress of industrial development would eventually stagnate if basic scientific research were long neglected. Universities may forgo the focus on quantity, and more strongly reward research quality 56 , and perhaps more fully subsidize year-long sabbaticals. In achieving these results, the Government has provided over-all coordination and support; it has not dictated how the work should be done within any cooperating institution. This report presents conclusions and recommendations based upon the studies of these committees which appear in full as the appendices. Although these frontiers have more or less disappeared, the frontier of science remains. The most immediate prospect of making up some of the deficit in scientific personnel is by salvaging scientific talent from the generation in uniform. Nature - "Science, the Endless Frontier" . In providing government support, however, we must endeavor to preserve as far as possible the private support of research both in industry and in the colleges, universities, and research institutes. Citation; Raw Data; Library.Link Network; Borrow it Toggle Dropdown. Download Citation. To enlarge the group of specially qualified men and women it is necessary to increase the number who go to college. It will not receive the attention it requires if left to industry. Today, amid a changing funding landscape and challenges to sciences very credibility, Science, the Endless Frontier resonates as a powerful reminder that scientific progress and public well-being alike depend on the successful symbiosis between science and government.This timely new edition presents this iconic text alongside a new companion essay from scientist and former congressman Rush Holt, who offers a brief introduction and consideration of what society needs most from science now. These issues are more urgent than ever. (4) Support of basic research in the public and private colleges, universities, and research institutes must leave the internal control of policy, personnel, and the method and scope of the research to the institutions themselves. "Diane Coyle, Enlightened Economist, "This excellent reissue of Vannevar Bushs visionary work comes at a pivotal moment for our nation. - The success of the National Research Foundation in promoting scientific research in this country will depend to a very large degree upon the cooperation of organizations outside the Government. The National Patent Planning Commission has reported on this subject. The extent and nature of these new responsibilities are set forth in detail in the reports of the committees whose recommendations in this regard are fully endorsed. Office of scientific rese. In this war it has become clear beyond all doubt that scientific research is absolutely essential to national security. In 1939 millions of people were employed in industries which did not even exist at the close of the last war -- radio, air conditioning, rayon and other synthetic fibers, and plastics are examples of the products of these industries. 3. With mounting demands for scientists both for teaching and for research, we will enter the post-war period with a serious deficit in our trained scientific personnel. But basic research is essentially noncommercial in nature. There are some notable exceptions, it is true, but even in such cases it is rarely possible to match the universities in respect to the freedom which is so important to scientific discovery. Legislation on this point should leave to the Members of the Foundation discretion as to its patent policy in order that patent arrangements may be adjusted as circumstances and the public interest require. Our web pages use cookiesinformation about how you interact with the site. The resulting typology not only gives insights into the relationships that might exist between static publications, but also the rich process whereby an ongoing research project evolves through interactions with the research literature. Pub Date: 1945 Bibcode: 1945sef..bookB Keywords: Science and state; Research; The very successful pattern of organization of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, which has promoted basic research on problems of flight during the past thirty years, has been carefully considered in proposing the method of appointment of Members of the Foundation and in defining their responsibilities. In discharging these responsibilities Federal funds should be made available. It is recommended that measures which will encourage and facilitate the preparation and publication of reports be adopted forthwith by all agencies, governmental and private, possessing scientific information released from security control. Each year under this program 6,000 undergraduate scholarships would be made available to high school graduates, and 300 graduate fellowships would be offered to college graduates. Directions, Princeton Asia (Beijing) Consulting Co., Ltd. Rather, the decline represents a substantive shift in science and technology, . We think it very important that circumstances be such that there be no ceilings, other than ability itself, to intellectual ambition. Membership of the Division of National Defense should include, in addition to, say, five civilian members, one representative designated by the Secretary of War, and one representative of the Secretary of the Navy, who should serve without additional compensation for this duty. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation. It results in general knowledge and an understanding of nature and its laws. We submit, however, that the nation's need for more and better scientific research is such that the risk must be accepted. Copy link Link copied. Purposes. "Audra Wolfe, Never Just Science, "I just read the new Princeton University Press edition of Vannevar Bushs Science, The Endless Frontier, with an interesting introductory essay by Rush Holt. The commercial incentive can be relied upon for that. "By proceeding from point to point and taking stock on the way, by giving further opportunity to those who show themselves worthy of further opportunity, by giving the most opportunity to those who show themselves continually developing -- this is the way we propose. Placing the civilian military research function in the proposed agency would bring it into close relationship with a broad program of basic research in both the natural sciences and medicine. Here is a tremendous waste of the greatest resource of a nation -- the intelligence of its citizens. The history of medical science teaches clearly the supreme importance of affording the prepared mind complete freedom for the exercise of initiative. As long as they are vigorous and healthy and their scientists are free to pursue the truth wherever it may lead, there will be a flow of new scientific knowledge to those who can apply it to practical problems in Government, in industry, or elsewhere. It is essential that both kinds of research go forward and that there be the closest liaison between the two groups. Diabetes has been brought under control by insulin, pernicious anemia by liver extracts; and the once widespread deficiency diseases have been much reduced, even in the lowest income groups, by accessory food factors and improvement of diet. This month, the U.S. Senate is poised to consider legislation that would expand the National Science Foundation (NSF) and strengthen the U.S. science and technology research ecosystem. With his insightful introduction to this landmark work, Rush Holt sets forth a persuasive case that a new science policy is vital, not only to our research infrastructure, but also to our very democracy. Science, the Endless Frontier is recognized as the landmark argument for the essential role of science in society and government's responsibility to support scientific endeavors. As in the case of the research sponsored during the war by the Office of Scientific Research and Development, the research sponsored by the National Research Foundation should be conducted, in general, on an actual cost basis without profit to the institution receiving the research contract or grant. Scientific Progress Is Essential. Many of the lessons learned in the war-time application of science under Government can be profitably applied in peace. A study in the premier science journal notes the long term falling off of truly original findings, as opposed to endless citations of others' findings. Many of the most important discoveries have come as a result of experiments undertaken with very different purposes in mind. The deficit of those holding advanced degrees -- that is, young scholars trained to the point where they are capable of carrying on original work -- has been estimated as amounting to about 17,000 by 1955 in chemistry, engineering, geology, mathematics, physics, psychology, and the biological sciences. Some small enterprises never receive any of the benefits. Download citation. It should be arranged that the Members first appointed serve terms of such length that at least two Members are appointed each succeeding year. We have a serious deficit in scientific personnel partly because the men who would have studied science in the colleges and universities have been serving in the Armed Forces. 2. Expenditures for research in the colleges, universities, and research institutes will otherwise not be able to meet the additional demands of increased public need for research. These reasons apply with particular force to science: the road is long and expensive; it extends at least 6 years beyond high school; the percentage of science students who can obtain first-rate training in institutions near home is small. Much of the impetus for a paradigm shift in U.S. research policy and funding comes from the PRC's efforts to boost its companies and research capacity. Presentation of budgets of financial needs for the work of the Division. Together, Bush and Holt give us a roadmap for US science today. First issued when Vannevar Bush was the director of the US Office of Scientific Research and Development during the Second World War, this classic remains vital in . While expenditures for scientific research in the colleges and universities increased by one-half during this period, those for the endowed research institutes have slowly declined. Science, the endless frontier First published in 1960 Subjects Science and state , Influence , World War, 1939-1945 , Research Places United States Edit Science, the endless frontier This edition was published in New York. Overview []. (3) The agency should promote research through contracts or grants to organizations outside the Federal Government. The function of such a civilian group would be primarily to conduct long-range scientific research on military problems - leaving to the Services research on the improvement of existing weapons. Thanks to the wise provision of the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy, most of the results of war-time medical research have been published. Science only lives, and progresses, when the status quo is regularly attacked, and disrupted. . Such ravaging diseases as yellow fever, dysentery, typhus, tetanus, pneumonia, and meningitis have been all but conquered by penicillin and the sulfa drugs, the insecticide DDT, better vaccines, and improved hygenic measures. In some cases coordinated direct attack on special problems may be made by teams of investigators, supplementing similar attacks carried on by the Army, Navy, Public Health Service, and other organizations. COUPON: RENT Science, the Endless Frontier 1st edition by Bush eBook (9780691201658) and save up to 80% on online textbooks at Chegg.com now! Of its citizens based upon the studies of these committees which appear in full as appendices. And better scientific research is absolutely essential to National security forgo the focus on,! Year-Long sabbaticals is such that the nation 's need for more and better scientific research absolutely! And an understanding of nature and its laws Co., Ltd. Rather, the frontier of science remains science lives... 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