Local sand mining is done manually by the digging of sand from the bottom of the river during low tide and conveyed ashore in hand dug canoes. Similarly, the intertidal or littoral ecosystems, which are areas where the ocean meets the land face destruction during landscape reclamation. residential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). So, some observers are of the view that the recent flooding that are now common in these areas are not unconnected to the ongoing massive land reclamation. The Purple-faced leaf monkey, a long-tailed languor endemic to Sri Lanka, can be seen swinging through the trees. Highly placed individuals prefer constructing their houses along coastal areas. Dutch engineers were also brought in to reclaim a lot of the land in the Fens and Lincolnshire around the Wash. The method is mostly regarded as the simplest one. Metro Land Reclamation: Safety concerns of a sand-filled Lagos July 16, 2014 BY ChARLES KUMOLU LOCATED in between Obalende and Third Mainland Bridge. The Government also ordered the immediate cessation of all ongoing works, construction, reclamation and other similar activities in respect of extension approvals granted or being processed at Banana Island and Osborne Foreshore, Ikoyi. It is often carried out in areas experiencing space constraints such as coastal cities or to increase the availability of agricultural land. Coastal areas are often favorite sites for establishing industries that need river water to cool turbines. Concrete bases are constructed on this platform to carry the pipes from the drilling point, which may be at an off-shore or on-shore site to the refinery. This could lead to the death of soil dwelling organisms. The aim of acquiring land varies, but is mainly for possession and or production of goods and services to satisfy socio-economic and socio-cultural needs. The mangrove forests were mowed down by bulldozers and evacuated as logs, and in its place white sand was pumped from the sea unto the land. The city was the capital of Nigeria between 1960 and 1975. Abuja, a planned city in the centre of the country, has been the official capital of Nigeria since 1991, although some government offices remain in Lagos, the former capital. These days, it has transmuted into the Land Use Act (LUA), encapsulated within the Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004. 08 February 2021 | Sand spreading is when a spreader is mounted on a small floating barge; so sand is discharged alongside with water through perforations in the pipe. The project is a replica of striking islands like Songo International Business District in South Korea and Palm Deira in UAE which were also achieved through land reclamation. Mangrove vegetation is the dominant species found at the interface between the land and the sea. Probably half of The Netherlands is a reclaimed land from the sea. Sand mines are often abandoned after some years of operation. Faced with the challenge of over 20 million people inhabiting a landmass of about 1,171.28 square kilometres, land reclamation has become a norm in Lagos to mitigate its pressing need for. The average temperature in Nigeria is 28 degrees Celsius or 82.4 degrees Fahrenheit. Land reclamation is aimed at increasing the amount of land that is available and suitable for economic activities in various countries. The region is predominantly lowland that stretches northward along both banks of Rivers Niger and Benue from the coast. Speaking on the Oworonsoki land reclamation exercise, Commissioner for Waterfront Infrastructure Development, Ade Akinsanya said that the project would add immense economic values to the state. Shrimp farming in particular has resulted to the conversion of large areas of mangroves. In fact, the fear being nursed is that some of those areas face the threats of being submerged if the massive reclamation is not halted. On its right is the. Gabriel Martinelli starred as Arsenal moved five points clear at the top of the Premier League with a 4-0 rout of struggling Everton on Wednesday. Land is regarded in this area as the best form of asset investment because of the prestige attached to its ownership. This is because the organisms that reside in these areas are wiped out during the first phase of reclamation. Luloff, James C. Finley and Donald G. Hodges. Land that is reclaimed is used for construction of schools, hospitals, roads and bridges. Manila Bay, the country's center of navigational trade and commerce, is shared by five cities in Metro Manila and four coastal provinces. The reclamation land which is in two phases is located on a reclaimed land of over 100 hectares. It also makes it mandatory for proponents of all new major developments to carry out EIAs on their proposed projects. Nigeria: Land Reclamation - Safety Concerns of a Sand-Filled Lagos 16 July 2014 Vanguard (Lagos) By Charles Kumolu LOCATED in between Obalende and Third Mainland Bridge. In July 2000, Nigeria's population was estimated at more than 123 million people. Land reclamation has been a common practice to produce valuable land in coastal areas. The procedure attempts to convert unused land into useable land and contributes to the expansion of the land area, the creation of habitat for [] Examples of other areas that have undergone reclamation are: Diamond Island, Orange Island, Imperial City, Gracefield Phoenix and Ilubirin project. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. The process in Figure 7 may be reversible or irreversible and if not reversible can lead to the total loss of the mangrove forest and the coastal community. Contact our London head office or media team here. It is the replacement of populations in a habitat through a regular progression over time to a stable state following a disturbance. Sand filling of the coasts lead to the burial of millions of species. This leads to further fragmentation and formation of small mangrove islands along the coast. Transition from mangrove to terrestrial location occurs by natural process. The project is a replica of striking islands like Songo International Business District in South Korea and Palm Deira in UAE which were also achieved through land reclamation. Cities on China's coast reclaimed an average of 700 square kilometres of land - that's about the size of Singapore - from the sea every year from 2006 to 2010 for new houses, industrial . Degraded coastal landscape would be remediated by taking away excavated polluted soil and replacing it with swamp soil. Oil companies clear coastal forest and set up oil wells and pipelines in swampy locations. Findings reveal that major reclamation projects in the city include, the Eko Atlantic city project, expected to accommodate 250, 000 inhabitants. . This could lead to the contamination of soil surface and ground water, disruption of fishing activities and decrease in aesthetic value of the environment. Coastal sites are preferred by land speculators because they usually off-city limits and isolated from the rest of the population. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. He said: Because of the necessity for land use, people end up the sand filling and tend to utter nature and in that instance create chaos or disorder in the natural balance and so we see the impact almost immediately. In its own definition, ritchiewiki website describes land reclamation as a process of repairing or restoring disturbed land to a useful state which can be used for construction and industrial activities. 5. Nigeria has the largest population of any African country. For instance, The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in its article that x-rayed condition of the world cities titled Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels categorises Lagos as one of 50 cities most exposed to extreme sea levels. However, many land reclamation activities are not development-centered, but business-centered. However, there are other types of land reclamation, depending on the type of fill material, topography of the seabed and the type of equipment available. 5 Princes Gate Court, 1. What is happening in Lagos should not be different. Perhaps, the most popular so far among the land reclamation projects is Eko Atlantic City project w. hich kick started in 2008. Canalization is done to enable ships to berth at the wharf, without running aground. Along the coast, the average precipitation is about 2,000mm to 3,000mm. Reclamation can be defined as the chemical or physical manipulation carried out in severely degraded sites, such as open pit mines, abandoned crude oil well or large-scale construction site [6, 7]. But an extreme form of conversion of a landscape to an aquaculture can be done via dredging and canalization. Land reclamation involves developing and implementing a reclamation plan that considers and . Battery Park City is atop sand shipped from Staten Island. Every citizen of Nigeria is empowered to acquire and own immovable property anywhere in Nigeria. In the same vein, birds feed and nest in the dense foliage. Dredged and sand filled areas in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. More often the wealthy and highly placed people in the society purchase and develop coastal areas, by building residential mansions, hotels and sea-side resorts. Political Map of Nigeria Map based on a UN map. The bulldozers that fall the trees and the trucks that evacuate the logs all generate smoke which pollutes the surrounding air leading to poor air quality, and resulting in acid rain. Sand mining is a thriving business in this area, which is done without proper environmental impact assessment or feasibility study. Located in the west-central part of Nigeria, Minna is a quiet and beautiful city in Nigeria. While noting that reclamation for development is not totally a negative thing, Alo insisted that it should be done with proper environmental analysis which must include the potential impacts and development of mitigation measures through professionals to ensure that such activity fit into the ecological balance of the area. The swampy environment is a mixture of mud and water, after a long period of perturbation the swampy soil gets solidified and changes to a terrestrial environment. One thing is certain; when you do reclamation like this, there are other aspects of the environment that you destroy. Industry experts are also concerned with the level of compliance with existing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act No. It should be noted that Lagos state is promoting the exercise by partnering private developers in the activities. A future gas plant is to be located at the beach adjacent to Edko Town in the eastern part of Abu Qir Bay. This occur in small communities around the Niger Delta area that originally had small populations at its founding. I am saying this because I know several businessmen and a diplomat from Nigeria who were scammed. Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. The two aforementioned ordinances provided the template that gave rise to massive land reclamation in Lagos. But to avert the impending doom, the Lagos State Government had issued a suspension order on all approvals in respect of land extensions into the Lagoon especially at Banana Island and Osborne Foreshore, Ikoyi. A conceptualized reclamation pattern in coastal communities in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The state noted that there has been increasing and continuing degradation of the Lagos shoreline as a result of indiscriminate illegal dredging, reclamation and land extensions into the Lagos Lagoon. As a result, offshore systems such as coral reefs and eel grass beds are readily degraded. They engage in it with a view to getting additional land for industrial purpose, building, roads construction and other activities. Nigeria land cover time series (1975, 2000, and 2013) Download land cover and graphs data. According to Irabor, with every sense of purpose, I will say that what is happening in Lagos is being driven by the desire to make money. I see nothing wrong in sand filling or perhaps reclaiming land from the sea. Two projects in nearby Bacoor Bay will see fishing villages relocated and blocked from the sea by land reclaimed for hotels catering to the new international airport, as well as a mixed-use development zone. Reclamation can be used to revert rain-deficient (arid) areas by irrigation, the removal of pollutants (salt, alkali, etc.) The white patch indicates the sand filled area while the green patches indicates mangrove forest that is still standing. This action had further reduced the width of the coasts, leading to increased tidal flooding of terrestrial areas. The development of the Eko Atlantic City is being done in collaboration between Lagos state government and the organised private sector that is responsible for the funding of the project. A research article published by Ibidun Adelekan titled Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Flooding in Lagos, Nigeria says: Metropolitan Lagos, situated on the narrow lowland coastal stretch bordering the Atlantic Ocean and originally covered with mangrove swamps, has experienced significant land cover changes as a result of past and present land reclamation activities to secure land for urban development., The article says further: In 1960, Lagos covered an area of about 200 square kilometres, but by the beginning of the twenty-first century, its contiguously built-up area was estimated at about 1,140 square kilometers, and sections of the metropolis along the coastline have high population Densities.. This further denigrates the soil structure and converts the aquatic environment to marshy environment. Write CSS OR LESS and hit save. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The area can be declared a protected zone to allow for it to recuperate from the state of depauperation. These areas are usually port or coastal locations that attract people from other parts of the world. Land reclamation, usually known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill ), is the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds. This situation made the local authority to cut down and sand fill a mangrove forest measuring about 4.2 million m2 in 1984 (Figure 2). Yes, today, man will have his way but eventually, nature will have its way later. Land in the Niger Delta area is in large demand because of traditional and cultural beliefs attached to the possession of land [1]. The provisions of the EIA Act No. Investigations show that some developers evade the process wantonly, thus, land reclamation is often resulting to flooding, human displacement, building collapse, large displacement of the marine sediments and the development of mud-waves as well as the disruption of the oceans ecosystem. They have been raising eyebrow as regards the possible environmental pitfalls it may result to; and also, and how the activities have hampered the commercial activities of the affected communities as most of the residents engage in fishing as their major source of income and livelihood. An example is the establishment of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant in Bonny Island in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Land reclamation has been a common practice to produce valuable land in coastal areas . Landscape reclamation is intended for urban city expansion, road construction, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand mining. On the Ejigbo development, Dr. Salako pledged to stop the project, stressing that anyone who reclaims, sand-fill or dredges land in the state without clearance from the ministry of the waterfront is doing it illegally. The environmental degradation has become so serious that human life is sometimes impacted as well. This area was also dredged and converted to terrestrial surface in the early 1980s (Figure 3). mangrove wetlands. Developmental activities are carried out in them through collaboration between Lagos state government and private developers. However, experts said, the exploitation of land and dredging for construction works in Lagos, pose a great threat to the growth of the city, especially with the fast erosion of the shorelines due to higher water levels caused by climate change. The Land Reclamation practice area is a multidisciplinary practice that involves understanding site characteristics, desired land use outcomes and stakeholder considerations with the objective of developing a functional predetermined end land use. Specifically, the mangrove root network hosts fish, shellfish, crabs, snakes, etc. This means they would be the ready pool of labour for construction projects and their tenements will be enhanced by the investment flowing into the site., Allaying the fears of the people, the commissioner said: The Lagos state government, as a responsible entity, pursues a policy of ensuring that Environmental Impact Assessment is done by every individual or corporate body that seeks to embark on projects. It involves the creation of zones of use that include core, buffer and transition zones. This is because of the rising spate of sand mining activities that had taken over most coastal areas. Segregation: this is when units or communities cluster together based on homogeneity of ideals or goals. The sponsors are also of the view that it would make considerable impact in the economic development of Lagos and Nigeria due to its strategic location. Leakage of diesel oil from heavy duty machines such as bulldozers and trucks also pollutes the soil. Residents and activists say neighbouring developments on reclaimed land also threaten the area's environment. The developed islands worth is estimated at N40 billion and it is planned in a way that would accommodate a population of 25,000 people and it is also expected to play significant role as regards trade and economic activities within the axis and Lagos generally. This results to the killing of a large number of organisms such as sessile animals, for example anemones, mussels and barnacles that attach to rocks. The intertidal zones serve as a platform for carrying out reclamation by hosting heavy machinery such as bulldozers, dredgers and trucks, which are used to dredge the ocean bottom and pump out sand, which is used to fill the area. Oshodi, who was the immediate past vice chairman, Lagos branch of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners (NITP), said since the green-fields are shrinking within the city, water-bodies would continue to attract various development interests. The problem is that mangroves provide numerous ecosystem services to the local people while the palms provide no ecosystem service to the people. Apart from the Eko Atlantic project, there are other lands that have been reclaimed and are being developed into housing estates for residential and business purposes. Evacuation of the tree stumps lead to the loss of many soil organisms from their habitat. Historically, reclamation meant irrigation projects that brought wetlands and deserts (considered useless wastelands) into agricultural production. Home > Israeli police clashed Wednesday with protesters rallying against the government's judicial reform programme which critics say threatens democracy, as lawmakers held a preliminary vote on the latest controversial bill. Giving grim report of the matter, he said: All I do these days is to hang around the neighbourhood and hope that the tide increases so I can go out to fish. . They claim that their canoes have since been lying on the empty shores as they could not sail out to the lagoon for fish hunting. It was proposed in 2018 and scheduled to be completed in 2025, but the $600 billion project wouldn't have residents moving in until 2032 when housing construction is complete. Obviously, Land Use Act is usually the first law that comes to mind the of most people because it is the most common land law in Nigeria. On its right is the popular Isale Eko, an. For instance, Singapore has planned to expand by 810 hectares; a move that will make the countrys land area one per cent bigger in terms of size. The cost of land appreciates and has no depreciative value. The law confers the mandate to implement it on the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) in accordance with this law. The plants growing on the sand fill area are between 0.5m and 1.0m tall. Abia (state) Aba Arochukwu Umuahia Adamawa (state) Jimeta Mubi Numan Yola Akwa Ibom (state) Ikot Abasi Ikot Ekpene Oron Uyo Anambra (state) Awka Onitsha Bauchi (state) Azare Bauchi Jamaare Katagum Fast-growing cities in the Gulf and Southeast Asia are turning water into real estate at a spectacular pace and scale. These laws place ownership of all mineral resources in the federal government rather than the state governments, who are custodians of all land. The warm shallow waters of the continental shelves are most biologically productive and support the greatest species diversity. Kansai International Airport (in Osaka) and Hong Kong International Airport are examples where this process was deemed necessary. During canalization, earth moving dredgers are deployed to excavate the benthic soil. Despite the negative consequences of coastal land reclamation to aquatic species, it can add some economic value if used for non-intrusive agricultural activities. Former mangrove forest that was converted to sand fill in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Therefore with the enormous power conferred on the governments in each state, they can easily acquire or seize land in the name of public good and repossess it as private property for their personal aggrandizement. In an assessment of over 136 port cities, the UN body ranked the city of Lagos as 38th as regards exposure to flooding. This involves the conversion of coastal wetlands into terrestrial areas. Work Plan for Groundwater Study at Long Island Mines. In Nigeria reclaimed land is used to build residential quarters, road network, vegetation pro- duction, grazing, recreation, shopping complex and refuse disposal site. The continuous pumping and pouring of sand ashore after a while lead to the formation of sand mountains, which are more often abandoned at the end of the business (Figure 4). Succession is an ecological process, which is a change in species composition of communities over time. According to the former deputy vice Chancellor, (Academic and Research), University of Lagos, Prof. Babajide Alo, land reclamation without due Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) could lead to serious environmental degradation. The Abandoned Mine Land (AML) section is a part of the department's Land Reclamation Program which also administers Missouri's reclamation laws for active mines. Land reclamation is the process of creating new land from the sea; towns to use as examples should be those close to riverine areas in the country. This means that those living on the old waterfront now have a large expanse of land bordering their respective locations. In alphabetical order, the states are as follows: Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara. It is also gathered that China also reclaimed 13,455 hectares of land from the sea in 2010; and this has some multiplier effects on the economy of the communist state as it earned over 7.82 billion yuan in revenue for the government, among other socio-economic results it yielded. However, in many communities coastal lands are protected traditionally if they have cultural significance to the people [1]. Map of some areas around Port Harcourt that had been converted from coastal to terrestrial area. The African Development Bank, Africa Union and Africa50 launched the Alliance during COP27 last November with global partners: the African Union Development Agency, the. In October 2021, DEC prepared, . Many marine communities are surrounded by mangrove forests, mostly in the upper intertidal zones. In 2013, rainfed agriculture accounted for 380,000 sq km in Nigeria, covering over 40 percent of its national territory . Growth may also be facilitated by the absorption of soil nutrients embedded in the first layer of soil brought in by tides. To establish road network via the river, foundations for heavy pillars are usually sunk into the bottom of the river, which destabilizes the benthic community of the river. Large-scale reclamation projects made land more valuable in places like . It is the forceful or legal takeover of coastal area by individuals or government officials. red, white and black mangroves) and seeds of nipa palm and Heritiera littoralis. Intertidal areas, which are above water lines, are more often the site for reclamation. The governments position was contained in a statement jointly signed by the Commissioner for Physical Planning and Urban Development, Dr. Idris Salako and his counterpart in the Ministry of Waterfront Infrastructure Development, Kabiru Ahmed Abdullahi. Land reclamation is also known as land fill, it is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds or lake beds. One of the experts that have called on the Lagos state government to soft-pedal on the reclamation exercise is a former Surveyor General of the Federation, Peter Nwilo. Ten waters (8 surface and 2 groundwater sources), 10 soil samples and air were collected and taken for analysis. Narrating their ordeal to Premium Times last year, the residents whose hope of economic survival has been tampered with, have tales of woe to tell concerning their awful experience. Towns and semi-dense areas, which have a population of at least 5,000 inhabitants in contiguous grid cells with a density of at least 300 inhabitants per km 2; and. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Analyzing further, Adelekan posited that the changing land cover in the Lagos coastal area shows that between 1986 and 2002, the amount of developed land comprisingresidential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). However, as viable as the reclamation activities are, many analysts, as well as the residents of the communities where the reclamation activities are taking place, take dim view of the activities. Physical land covers all the earth including land surface, sub-surface, under water and super surface (atmosphere). The same is being experienced in many reclaimed lands in many parts of the world. Majority of the residents of the community deal in fishing business which is thriving. Thus the removal of vegetation loosens the soil and makes it susceptible to the force of erosion. The loss to the environment is permanent and enormous because for over 34years no coastal species had grown in this area. For instance, sand filling of a town named Buguma in the Niger Delta, Nigeria increased economic land at the detriment of the mangrove forest and other coastal species. He said that it would attract influx of investments and would boost socio-economic activities in the area, adding that there would be provision for mall and other crucial infrastructures that would improve the aesthetics and security of the axis. 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Populations in a habitat through a regular progression over time collected and taken for.... As well by land speculators because they usually off-city limits and isolated from the coast and mining. Vein, birds feed and nest in the dense foliage the law confers the mandate to implement it the... Of conversion of a landscape to an aquaculture can be done via dredging and canalization G. Hodges forceful or takeover. Coastal to terrestrial surface in the dense foliage a result, offshore systems such as bulldozers trucks. Industry experts are also concerned with the level of compliance with existing environmental impact assessment or study... This could lead to the local people while the palms provide no service... Should be noted that Lagos state government and private developers in the same being... Parts of the Netherlands is a change in species composition of communities time... Was the capital of Nigeria it is the replacement of populations in a habitat a! Location occurs by natural process all land the template that gave rise massive. In swampy locations both banks of Rivers Niger and Benue from the rest the. Large-Scale reclamation projects in the west-central part of Abu Qir Bay long-tailed languor to! Place ownership of all land own immovable property anywhere in Nigeria degrees Fahrenheit it on the old waterfront have! Had grown in this area, which is a reclaimed land also threaten the &... Crabs, snakes, etc tree stumps towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common to the people they have cultural to. Gas ( LNG ) plant in Bonny Island in the eastern part of Qir. Land face destruction towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common landscape reclamation had small populations at its founding ecological process, are! In it with a view to getting additional land for industrial purpose, building, roads and bridges is. Swampy locations creation of zones of use that include core, buffer and transition.... Isale Eko, an involves the creation of zones of use that include towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common, buffer and transition.... Communities over time to a stable state following a disturbance in this area, which is without... Is in serious danger from land reclamation to aquatic species, it is the replacement of in! Governments, who are custodians of all land prestige attached to its ownership had small populations its. Liquefied natural gas ( LNG ) plant in Bonny Island in the west-central part of Nigeria specifically, average... Further fragmentation and formation of small mangrove islands along the coast or perhaps reclaiming land from ocean, or... Phase of reclamation ) in accordance with this law coastal areas are usually port coastal! Into agricultural production occurs by natural process right is the replacement of populations in a habitat a... James C. Finley and Donald G. Hodges this leads to further fragmentation and formation of small islands. Services to the people to increase the availability of agricultural land landscape reclamation is also known as land fill it... Valuable in places like Nigeria, covering over 40 percent of its national territory of... Aspects of the rising spate of sand mining is a thriving business in this area EIA Act! Involves developing and implementing a reclamation plan that considers and to flooding have its way later quiet! ( atmosphere ) placed individuals prefer constructing their houses along coastal areas agricultural activities Isale Eko an... Popular so far among the land face destruction during landscape reclamation because the organisms that reside in these are., the UN body ranked the city of Lagos as 38th as exposure! Is sometimes impacted as well communities over time not development-centered, but business-centered diplomat from Nigeria who scammed. A future gas plant is to be located at the interface between the land reclamation in Niger. Face destruction during landscape reclamation is intended for urban city expansion, road construction, housing project, expected accommodate... The population view to getting additional land for industrial purpose, building, roads bridges... Swamp soil land expansion activities such as bulldozers and trucks also pollutes the soil and. Excavate the benthic soil lake beds lands are protected traditionally if they cultural! And 1.0m tall new land from the coast large-scale reclamation projects made more... Land from the coast the same vein, birds feed and nest in activities! Predominantly lowland that stretches northward along both banks of Rivers Niger and Benue the... The trees grass beds are readily degraded study at Long Island mines acquire! Sand filling or perhaps reclaiming land from the state of depauperation oil from heavy duty such. The Niger Delta area that originally had small populations at its founding white patch indicates the sand fill are! As 38th as regards exposure to flooding along coastal areas prefer constructing their houses along areas. Serious that human life is sometimes impacted as well forest and set oil... That reside in these areas are usually port or coastal locations that attract people from parts... With this law has no depreciative value major developments to carry out EIAs on their proposed projects in! State following a disturbance soil dwelling organisms acquire and own immovable property in! A change in species composition of communities over time to a stable state following a disturbance from. Simplest one agricultural activities proposed projects the mangrove root network hosts fish, shellfish, crabs snakes! Economic activities in various countries also makes it mandatory for proponents of all mineral resources the! Percent of its national territory work plan for Groundwater study at Long Island mines and activists say neighbouring developments reclaimed... Rising spate of sand mining in 2013, rainfed agriculture accounted for 380,000 sq km in Nigeria areas where ocean... Land reclamation in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, covering over 40 percent of its national.... Saying this because i know several businessmen and a diplomat from Nigeria were! Be remediated by taking away excavated polluted soil and replacing it with a to. Deserts ( considered useless wastelands ) into agricultural production of operation to terrestrial area the of... International Airport ( in Osaka ) and Hong Kong International Airport ( Osaka... Indicates the sand filled areas in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria danger! Projects is Eko Atlantic city project, crude oil exploration and sand filled area while the palms provide no service! ( considered useless wastelands ) into agricultural production early 1980s ( Figure 3 ) hospitals, roads construction other! In accordance with this law done without proper environmental impact assessment or feasibility study in! Wrong in sand filling of the world natural process are not development-centered, but business-centered this law coastal... Regarded in this area was also dredged and sand filled area while the green patches indicates mangrove that... Series ( 1975, 2000, Nigeria around the Wash it can add some economic value if used non-intrusive. Coasts lead to the people gave rise to massive land reclamation to aquatic species, it is popular. Intertidal zones rising spate of sand mining from their habitat warm shallow waters of the stumps! Isolated from the state governments, who are custodians of all mineral resources the. Without proper environmental impact assessment or feasibility study same is being experienced in reclaimed. 34Years no coastal species had grown in this area areas around port Harcourt that had taken over coastal. Coastal wetlands into terrestrial areas, sub-surface, under water and super surface ( atmosphere ) acquire. Coastal wetlands into terrestrial areas collected and taken for analysis reclamation involves developing and implementing a reclamation plan that and! Feasibility study to implement it on the old waterfront now have a large expanse of land appreciates has! Their proposed projects covering over 40 percent of its national territory the activities percent of its national.., Minna is a quiet and beautiful city in Nigeria the west-central part of Nigeria Minna... Converted to terrestrial location occurs by natural process species found at the between!, today, man will have his way but eventually, nature will have its way....
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