transport, basically a version of the Tu-70. By 1920, the IMTU had been renamed the Moscow Higher Technical School (MVTU) and Tupolev was teaching a course there on the basics of aerodynamic calculations.[5]. Design curiosities of the Tu-134 included a sharp wing sweepback of 35 degrees, compared to 25–28 degrees in its counterparts. Hinckley, UK: Midland, 2005. pp. Another memorial to Tupolev was erected in the estimated location of Pustomazovo in the present-day Ustinovo, north of Kimry in Kimrsky District, Tver Oblast. projects were all stages in the development of Soviet jet From 1972, Aeroflot began placing the Tu-134 in domestic service to Baku, Yerevan, Kyiv, Kishinev, Krasnodar, Leningrad, Omsk, Riga, and Sochi from Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow. 1925: The prototype flew for the first time in August 1925. S. P. Korolev, 2014, This page was last edited on 20 October 2020, at 14:40. It employs about 10,000 people. Omissions? This way, Tu-154, a semi-successful competitor to Boeing 727, appeared. Many Tu-134s have been preserved as memorials at airports throughout the former Soviet Union. These were in addition to its development of several civilian airliners, such as the four-turboprop, 220-passenger Tu-114 (the world’s largest passenger plane until the Boeing 747) and the 160-passenger Tu-154 trijet. It was test-flown in December 1968, exceeded the speed of sound in June 1969, and was first publicly shown in Moscow in May 1970. In addition to regular passenger service, it has also been used in various air force, army and navy support roles; for pilot and navigator training; and for aviation research and test projects. Tupoleva also called ANTK Tupolev formerly OKB-156, Russian aerospace design bureau that is a major producer of civilian passenger airliners and military bombers. Naval, long-range, reconnaissance, heavy bomber, In its production model the Tu-144 was 65.7 metres (215.6 feet) in length, with…. Tupolev Tu-144 supersonic passenger airliner, lifting off in Moscow in 1996 as part of flight-research tests conducted jointly by Russia and the United States. Corrections? Tupolev headed the major project of reverse engineering the American Boeing B-29 strategic bomber, which was the world's first nuclear delivery platform. Close your eyes and imagine the biggest passenger aircraft you can. In its early years, the Tu-134 developed a reputation for reliability and efficiency, especially when compared with previous Soviet designs. Tupolev ANT-3 / R-3. It was designed for potential use in war against the NATO countries, where it was known by the designation “Backfire.”. flew in 1956. Many of his colleagues were executed but Tupolev himself was imprisoned. Continuing his development of jet bombers, the next The group’s early forays into aircraft design led to the creation of a number of notable Soviet airplanes including the TB-1 (ANT-4), the world’s first all-metal, twin-engine, cantilever-wing bomber and one of the largest planes built in the 1920s. To make room for the engines, the tailplanes had to be relocated to the tail fin, which had to be stronger and therefore heavier, further compounding the tail-heavy arrangement. A total of 854 Tu-134s were built of all versions (including test bed examples) with Aeroflot as the largest user; by 1995, the Tu-134 had carried 360 million passengers for that airline. Outstanding aircraft designer Alexander S. Shengardt passed away. Aeroflot Flight 6246 force landed following a fire in the cargo hold, possibly caused by a short circuit. 29 October] 1888 – 23 December 1972) was a Soviet aeronautical engineer known for his pioneering aircraft designs as Director of the Tupolev Design Bureau. The upgraded D-30 engines now featured thrust reversers, replacing the parachute. One of the most widely used aircraft in former Comecon countries, the number in active service is decreasing because of operational safety concerns and noise restrictions. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... What animals did Hannibal use in invading Italy? High fuel and maintenance costs are increasingly limiting the number used today. As the number of qualified aircraft designers increased, Tupolev set up his own office, producing a number of designs designated with the prefix ANT (Russian: АНТ) from his initials. The work started in 1921. the ANT-58, ANT-59 and ANT-60 light Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. In 1973, the Kazan Aviation Institute was named after Tupolev, and a monument of him was erected in Kazan in a public square at the intersection of Dekabristov, Gagarin and Korolev Streets. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The prestigious Tu-144 programme enjoyed top level support until 1973, as did the important Tu-154 airliner, but the favored position the Tupolev Design Bureau enjoyed through Tupolev's personal political connections was largely eclipsed by the Ilyushin aircraft manufacturing and design company. The sharashka soon moved to Moscow and was dubbed "Tupolevka" after Tupolev, its most prominent inmate. Assembly began in 1922. designed as a replacement for the Tu-154. In 1909 Tupolev entered the Moscow Imperial Technical School (now Bauman Moscow State Technical University), where he became a student and disciple of Nikolay Y. Zhukovsky, widely considered the father of Russian aviation. both military and civilian planes, jets and other aircraft: Центральный аэро-гидродинамический институт; ЦАГИ, Tupolev: The Man and His Aircraft, P. Duffy & A.I. Most combat aircraft fall into one of several conventional categories: fighter, bomber, ground attack airplane. Tupolev designed or oversaw the design of more than 100 types of civilian and military aircraft in the Soviet Union over 50 years, some of which set 78 world records. The Central Design Office or TsKB (Russian: Центральное конструкторское бюро; ЦКБ) based there produced bombers for the Soviet Air Force and some airliners, which in the years before World War II and especially in his 1930s-era designs, were based partially on the all-metal aircraft design concepts pioneered by Hugo Junkers. The Tu-134 was designed for short-haul lines with low passenger traffic. 22–28 & 30-34). Cadet training programs for type and non-type rated pilots. The Tu-160 was from the design similar to the Tupolev Tu-144 and it competed with the Myasishchev M-18 and the Sukhoi T-4. In 1989 the organization became known by the name ANTK imeni A.N. 15 April Tupoleva (Aviation Scientific and Technical Complex named after A.N. As of 2020, it is the largest and heaviest combat aircraft, the fastest bomber in use and the largest and … Since its establishment it has been involved in about 80 aircraft projects, almost half of which have been put into massive series production, and it has supplied more than 50 percent of all passenger aircraft operated by the countries of the former Soviet Union. of 1850hp. The Tu-144 broke the sound barrier—the first passenger plane to do so—on a test flight in 1969 and reached twice the speed of sound a year later, but it was plagued by design problems and mismanagement and had only a short life as a passenger jet in 1977–78. In the following years, Tupolev overcame competition from Vladimir Myasishchev and his M-4 series of jet-powered strategic bombers, introducing the Tu-16 design. Tupolev's mother, Anna Vasilievna (née Lisitsyna) (1850-1928) was born in Torzhok in the family of a judicial investigator, and graduated from the Mariinsky Gymnasium in Tver. Its advantages included clean wing airflow without disruption by nacelles or pylons and decreased cabin noise. However, on 21 October 1937, Tupolev was arrested together with Vladimir Petlyakov and the entire directorate of the TsAGI and EDO during the Great Purge on trumped up charges of sabotage, espionage and of aiding the Russian Fascist Party. In the 1990s Tupolev struggled to survive in an extremely strained economy. Moreover, Tupolev got it into volume production, with crews fully trained in time for the 1947 May Day parade. Tupolev Tu-144, world’s first supersonic transport aircraft, designed by the veteran Soviet aircraft designer Andrey N. Tupolev and his son Alexey. Tupolev's son Alexei (1925-2001) was a successful pioneering aircraft designer who designed the Tupolev Tu-144 supersonic passenger jet, and helped design the Buran space shuttle and the Tu-2000 long-range heavy bomber. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is limited to European countries. On the other hand, a school of thought emerged, which hailed the design and construction of new large double-decker airplanes of the future. Tupolev’s organization, which was set up in Moscow, included both a design team and workshop facilities to construct experimental aircraft for testing. In 1968, the first export customers, Interflug of East Germany, LOT Polish Airlines and Malév Hungarian Airlines purchased the Tu-134. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. Designed to replace the Tu-134, the Tu-334 was a short and medium-range aircraft produced with the intention of being in service all over the world. Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev (Russian: Андрей Николаевич Туполев; 10 November [O.S. Aeroflot Flight 512 aborted takeoff, overran the runway, and crashed into a building. The Soviet Union had repeatedly asked for B-29s in the Lend Lease program of World War II but these requests were unsuccessful. Following the introduction of engines mounted on pylons on the rear fuselage by the French Sud Aviation Caravelle, airliner manufacturers around the world rushed to adopt the new layout.
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