However, Lombardy, the Austrian Netherlands and Hungary were almost completely untouched by this reform. In 1775, for the first time ever the Habsburg Monarchy achieved its first balanced budget, and by 1780, the Habsburg state revenue had reached 50 million gulden. Maria Theresa's favourite child, Maria Christina, was born on her 25th birthday, four days before the defeat of the Austrian army in Chotusitz. [72] However, he was appointed only because of his familial relations; he turned out to be an incompetent military leader, and he was later replaced by Leopold Joseph von Daun, Franz Moritz von Lacy and Ernst Gideon von Laudon. Believing that the emperor must possess enough land to maintain his standing as emperor,[133] Maria Theresa, who was used to being assisted in the administration of her vast realms, declared Joseph to be her new co-ruler on 17 September 1765. Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (German: Maria Theresia; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. Reign of Maria Theresa. Frederick II of Prussia (who became Maria Theresa's greatest rival for most of her reign) promptly invaded and took the affluent Habsburg province of Silesia in the seven-year conflict known as the War of the Austrian Succession. She died a painful death on 30 July 1683, at Versailles. Maria Theresa remained the only female ruler in Habsburg history – and she left her mark: under her rule the Monarchy underwent a modernization push which led to a golden age for Austria that manifested itself in political stabilization and a flourishing of the arts. [137] Sometimes, she openly admired his talents and achievements, but she was also not hesitant to rebuke him. [48] Her coronation as Queen of Hungary took place in St. Martin's Cathedral, Pressburg, on 25 June 1741. In the meantime, France was losing badly in America and India, and thus they had reduced their subsidies by 50%. [54] This act managed to win the sympathy of the members, and they declared that they would die for Maria Theresa. The second and eldest surviving child of Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI and Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Archduchess Maria Theresa was born on 13 May 1717 in Vienna, a year after the death of her elder brother, Archduke Leopold,[1] and was baptised on that same evening. [121], Maria Theresa endeavoured to increase the living standards of the people, since she could see a causal link between peasant living standards, productivity and state revenue.
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