The constitution of 1923 gave the king free rein to dissolve parliament and call elections at will; as a result, Romania was to experience over 25 governments in a single decade. Typical housing for peasants in rural villages is a one- or two-room hut built of locally available materials: wood, stone, wattle, or mud with stucco covering. No: This was an open declaration of war against the Romanian people. The Romanian policy towards Hungarians and Germans was fairly balanced,[citation needed] and both were permitted to have schools in their respective languages and the freedom to publish written material. Disincentives to voting generally do not constitute genuine obstacles. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. Romania has a constitutionally defined system of separation of institutional powers, a competitive multiparty system, a robust civil society, and a legal framework for minority rights protection and political enfranchisement. The PM refused to resign but was eventually dismissed by a motion of no confidence passed by the Parliament with 241 votes (233 minimum needed). In April 1938, King Carol had Iron Guard leader Corneliu Zelea Codreanu (aka "The Captain") arrested and imprisoned. The ad interim appointment remained until May 2019, when the same chief inspector was formally appointed to the role. Both groups were effectively excluded from politics as the postwar Romanian regime passed an edict stating that all personnel employed by the state had to speak Romanian. The (Constitutional Court) judges issues of constitutionality invoked in any court and judges the compliance of laws (or other state regulations) with the Romanian Constitution. Although over the next four years Romania had three prime ministers (and despite internal frictions), the governing parties preserved their coalition and initiated a series of needed reforms. Under legislation enacted in January 1999, local councils control the spending of their allocations from the central government budget and have the authority to raise additional revenue locally. In 1919 by the Treaty of Saint-Germain and in 1920 by the Treaty of Trianon most of territories claimed were assigned to Romania. The state respects and protects rights, with few infringements. The government also maintained good relations with the United States, signing an agreement in December 2005 which would allow American troops to train and serve at several Romanian military facilities. A prefect may block the action of a local authority if he deems it unlawful or unconstitutional, with the matter then adjudicated by an administrative court. The royal dictatorship was brief. Additionally, statements issued by the SCM are often signed by only some of its members, pointing to fractures within the institution. A șasea zi de proteste, un nou record. But it's a human right that many around the world still struggle to attain. Act of 1921 about the enactment the peace treaty signed in Budapest on 29. Under communist rule, in order to keep up population growth, abortion and contraception were made illegal, and large numbers of unwanted children were placed in orphanages. All these events have been heavily criticized by international political figures, most notably by German chancellor Angela Merkel.[7][8]. The Romanian expression România Mare (literal translation "Great Romania", but more commonly rendered in English: "Greater Romania") generally refers to the Romanian state in the interwar period, and by extension, to the territory Romania covered at the time. The constitution provides for a President, a Parliament, a Constitutional Court and a separate court system which includes the High Court of Cassation and Justice. Romania enjoys a considerable wealth of natural resources: fertile land for agriculture; pastures for livestock; forests that provide hard and soft woods; petroleum reserves; metals, including gold and silver in the Apuseni Mountains; numerous rivers that supply hydroelectricity; and a Black Sea coastline that is the site of both ports and resorts. Until 1938, Romania's governments maintained the form, if not always the substance, of a liberal constitutional monarchy. A few restrictions on election procedures discriminate against a small number of candidates and parties. In late 2015, another series of nationwide protests ultimately prompted Prime Minister Victor Ponta's resignation. Moldavia, in eastern Romania, has a culture that reflects its proximity to Ukraine and Russia, though traces of Tatar and other Central Asian influences have been identified in its folk art. One army occupied Southern Dobrudja and another moved into northern Bulgaria to threaten Sofia, helping to bring an end to the war. Since 1991 a significant number of new homes have been constructed throughout the country. The Romanian legal system, based on the Napoleonic Code, is inquisitorial. Romanian folk dancers performing at a folk festival. All judges are appointed exclusively by a single body irrespective of other institutions. Courts are independent, but often fail to ensure legal compliance. Other polytechnic universities are found in the cities of Brașov, Craiova, Oradea, Suceava, and Timișoara. ... has been ongoing for more than a year and a half — is a direct result of the government’s persistent assault on democracy and efforts to destroy the rule of law. After FSN Prime Minister Petre Roman's dismissal a few months before the 1992 general elections (following a late 1991 Mineriad), the FSN split in two. Party and campaign financing is neither monitored independently nor, in case of infringements, subject to proportionate sanctions. August 1921 with the United States of America -. Romanian society: between tradition and modernity. The territory was ultimately conquered by Italy, along with all of Albania, in April 1939. Robert Schwartz is currently in Bucharest for DW. [citation needed], Lesser minorities were not as well treated because of their small numbers and because they had no outside power to support them.
These people are fully devoted to their "master" with eternal loyalty. Independent courts usually manage to control whether the government and administration act in conformity with the law. Its remit creates obligations for all central and local state institutions, as well as public companies for which the state is the majority shareholder. State institutions respect civil rights only formally, and civil rights are frequently violated. And due to one of Europe's highest birth rates, as much as a quarter of the rural population was unnecessary surplus. Its score on this measure has declined by 0.4 points since 2014. Some legal regulations are inconsistent and contradictory. 16 February. However, court protection has continued to suffer as a result of long and unpredictable proceedings. Jews in particular were highly unpopular. In 1917, despite fierce Romanian resistance, especially at Mărăşeşti, due to Russia's withdrawal from the war following the October Revolution, Romania, being almost completely surrounded by the Central Powers, was forced to also drop from the war, signing the Armistice of Focșani and next year, in May 1918, the Treaty of Bucharest.
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