[159], For Canada, Coolidge authorized the St. Lawrence Seaway, a system of locks and canals that would provide large vessels passage between the Atlantic Ocean and the Great Lakes. "[84] Dorothy Parker, upon learning that Coolidge had died, reportedly remarked, "How can they tell? [78] The farm bloc instead coalesced behind the ideas of George Peek, whose proposals to raise farm prices inspired the McNary–Haugen Farm Relief Bill. [62] After his re-election in 1924, Coolidge sought further tax reductions,[63] and Congress cut taxes with the Revenue Acts of 1926 and 1928. Coolidge’s support for Hoover and the Republican Party in 1932 through his written statements and speeches were an attempt to defend the principles of the Republican Party in the midst of the Great Depression. [94] According to Hoehling, he did not question Daugherty's reason for requesting a second oath-taking but assumed it was to resolve any doubt about whether the first swearing-in was valid.
[3] Coolidge addressed Congress when it reconvened on December 6, 1923, expressing support for many of Harding's policies, including Harding's formal budgeting process and the enforcement of immigration restrictions. [40] Under leadership of Chairman William E. Humphrey, a Coolidge appointee, the FTC largely stopped prosecuting anti-trust cases, allowing companies like Alcoa to dominate entire industries. Coolidge was greatly admired during his time in office, and he surprised many by declining to seek another term. Expect to be called a demagogue, but don't be a demagogue. [91] Although he did eventually name Secretary Hoover to a head a federal commission in charge of flood relief, scholars argue that Coolidge overall showed a lack of interest in federal flood control. Federation for American Immigration Reform, Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, National Federation of Independent Business, in the lower half of those presidents that they have assessed, President Calvin Coolidge State Historic Site, Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, National League for the Defense of Religious Liberty, Sixth International Conference of American States, List of federal judges appointed by Calvin Coolidge, I do not choose to run for President in 1928, Sesquicentennial of American Independence Half Dollar, List of Presidents of the United States, sortable by previous experience, "John Coolidge, Guardian of President's Legacy. [100] However, the Supreme Court made the Child Labor Amendment a moot issue with its ruling in the 1941 case of United States v. Darby Lumber Co..[101], The Eighteenth Amendment, ratified in 1920, had effectively established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States, and the Volstead Act had established penalties for violating the amendment. "[172] After leaving office, he and Grace returned to Northampton, where he wrote his memoirs. [90] Coolidge did not believe that personally visiting the region after the floods would accomplish anything, and that it would be seen as mere political grandstanding. [97], In June 1924, after the Supreme Court twice struck down federal laws regulating and taxing goods produced by employees under the ages of 14 and 16, Congress approved an amendment to the United States Constitution that would specifically authorize Congress to regulate "labor of persons under eighteen years of age". He then set about to confirm that no loose ends remained in the administration, arranging for a full briefing on the wrongdoing. [27] This position gave Coolidge more experience as a lawyer and paid a salary of $600 (equivalent to $18,439 in 2019). Calvin et Grace Coolidge vers 1918. [77], The Democrats nominated another Ohioan, James M. Cox, for president and the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Franklin D. Roosevelt, for vice president. As a senior, he joined the fraternity Phi Gamma Delta and graduated cum laude.
After all, Blair, John L. "Coolidge the Image-Maker: The President and the Press, 1923-1929. Coolidge also signed the Immigration Act of 1924, which greatly restricted immigration into the United States. [69], By the time Coolidge was inaugurated on January 2, 1919, the First World War had ended, and Coolidge pushed the legislature to give a $100 bonus (equivalent to $1,475 in 2019) to Massachusetts veterans. "[I]t is probable that a press which maintains an intimate touch with the business currents of the nation is likely to be more reliable than it would be if it were a stranger to these influences. Despite congressional pressure, he refused to dismiss Denby, who instead resigned of his own accord in March 1924. [111], On June 2, 1924, Coolidge signed the Indian Citizenship Act, which granted U.S. citizenship to all American Indians, while permitting them to retain tribal land and cultural rights. [24] The position offered no salary but provided Coolidge invaluable political experience. [1], Coolidge, who served as the governor of Massachusetts from 1919 through 1921 was nominated at the 1920 Republican National Convention for the ticket of Warren G. Harding for president and Coolidge for vice president. He inspired trust, especially for his quiet devotion to duty. [116] He considered the 1920 Republican victory as a rejection of the Wilsonian position that the United States should join the League of Nations.
[93] When Congress passed a compromise measure in 1928, Coolidge declined to take credit for it and signed the Flood Control Act of 1928 in private on May 15. IV, Treaties", "Here's What Happened the Last Time a US President Visited Cuba", "First Sitting Prez Adopted by Tribe Starts Desecration of Mount Rushmore - IndianCountryToday.com", "Legacies versus Politics: Herbert Hoover, Partisan Conflict, and the Symbolic Appeal of Associationalism in the 1920s", "Charles G. Dawes, 30th Vice President (1925–1929)", "Calvin Coolidge and Race: His Record in Dealing with the Racial Tensions of the 1920s", Emblem of Good Will: a Polish Declaration of Admiration and Friendship for the United States of America, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, Calvin Coolidge Presidential Library & Museum, "Calvin Coolidge collected news and commentary", President Coolidge, Taken on the White House Ground, Newspaper clippings about Calvin Coolidge, 46th Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts, Lieutenant Governor and Governor of Massachusetts, United States occupation of the Dominican Republic, National Republican Congressional Committee, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&oldid=984583196, 20th-century American non-fiction writers, 20th-century Presidents of the United States, 1920 United States vice-presidential candidates, American lawyers admitted to the practice of law by reading law, Candidates in the 1920 United States presidential election, Candidates in the 1924 United States presidential election, Members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, Politicians from Northampton, Massachusetts, Republican Party Presidents of the United States, Republican Party state governors of the United States, Republican Party (United States) presidential nominees, Republican Party (United States) vice presidential nominees, Republican Party Vice Presidents of the United States, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with USCongress identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Berkshire, Hampden, and Hampshire District, "Do the day's work. [7], Coolidge Senior engaged in many occupations and developed a statewide reputation as a prosperous farmer, storekeeper, and public servant.
Coolidge would be the last president to significantly reduce the total amount of federal debt until Bill Clinton's tenure in the 1990s, although intervening presidents would preside over a reduction of debt in proportion to the country's gross domestic product. [79] McNary–Haugen proposed the establishment of a federal farm board that would purchase surplus production in high-yield years and hold it for later sale or sell it abroad. The treaty, ratified in 1929, committed signatories—the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, and Japan—to "renounce war, as an instrument of national policy in their relations with one another. "[86] Alice Roosevelt Longworth, a leading Republican wit, underscored Coolidge's silence and his dour personality: "When he wished he were elsewhere, he pursed his lips, folded his arms, and said nothing. He appointed Genevieve R. Cline to the United States Customs Court, making Cline the first woman to serve in the federal judiciary.
The title of the DeForest film was President Coolidge, Taken on the White House Grounds. "[130], Coolidge has often been criticized for his actions during the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, the worst natural disaster to hit the Gulf Coast until Hurricane Katrina in 2005.
[138] On June 6, 1924, Coolidge delivered a commencement address at historically black, non-segregated Howard University, in which he thanked and commended African-Americans for their rapid advances in education and their contributions to US society over the years, as well as their eagerness to render their services as soldiers in the World War, all while being faced with discrimination and prejudices at home. [52] Historian Robert Sobel argues instead that Coolidge's belief in federalism guided his economic policy, writing, "as Governor of Massachusetts, Coolidge supported wages and hours legislation, opposed child labor, imposed economic controls during World War I, favored safety measures in factories, and even worker representation on corporate boards...such matters were considered the responsibilities of state and local governments. [132] On the other hand, Congress wanted a bill that would place the federal government completely in charge of flood mitigation. [78] Harding ran a "front-porch" campaign from his home in Marion, Ohio, but Coolidge took to the campaign trail in the Upper South, New York, and New England – his audiences carefully limited to those familiar with Coolidge and those placing a premium upon concise and short speeches. No, because in the 1920s, such matters were considered the responsibilities of state and local governments. Congress refused to pass any such legislation.
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