[12] Amrita Therapeutics Ltd. received initial funding in late 2008 from Gujarat Venture Finance Limited,[13] and later received a grant for a two-year research program in 2010 from the Indian Department of Biotechnology under the Biotechnology Industry Promotion Program (BIPP).[14]. CHICAGO (TIP): Indian American Microbiologist Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty, who is most notable for his creation of a biology-based solution for cleaning up toxic spills using Burkholderia cepacia, or B. cepacian, passed away July 10 in Illinois. Faculty in the University of Illinois School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Biochemistry are remembering the late Professor Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty, who passed away on July 10, 2020, in Chicago. Dr. Ananda M. Chakrabarty has died, according to the following statements posted on social media on July. This led to landmark Supreme Court case, Diamond v. [10] These proteins have been formerly known for their involvement in bacterial electron transport. He was 82. The new microbe, which Chakrabarty called "multiplasmid hydrocarbon-degrading Pseudomonas," could digest about two-thirds of the hydrocarbons that would be found in a typical oil spill. The genes necessary to degrade oil were carried on plasmids, which could be transferred among species. He has also served the Stockholm Environment Institute of Sweden. He attended Sainthia High School, followed by Belur Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandir for pre-university education and St. Xavier’s College, Kolkata (now University) for B. Sc. [9], His lab worked on elucidating the role of bacterial cupredoxins and cytochromes in cancer regression and arresting cell cycle progression. Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty (Bengali: আনন্দমোহন চক্রবর্তী Ānandamōhan Cakrabartī; 4 April 1938 – 10 July 2020) was an Indian-American microbiologist and researcher. [15], Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty at Science City, Kolkata on 8 Nov. 2009, United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, "Transformation of Pseudomonas putida and Escherichia coli with plasmid-linked drug-resistance factor DNA", "Dissociation and interaction of individual components of a degradative plasmid aggregate in Pseudomonas", "Dissociation of a degradative plasmid aggregate in Pseudomonas", "Camphor plasmid-mediated chromosomal transfer in Pseudomonas putida", "A transmissible plasmid controlling camphor oxidation in Pseudomonas putida", "Father of life patents downplays historic role", "Biotechnology Industry Partnership Programme (BIPP)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ananda_Mohan_Chakrabarty&oldid=977866224, Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago faculty, Articles with self-published sources from September 2009, Pages using infobox scientist with unknown parameters, Articles containing Bengali-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 11 September 2020, at 12:51. He was biotech & legal pioneer. Respondent's micro-organism constitutes a "manufacture" or "composition of matter" within that statute. Sidney A. Diamond, Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks, then appealed to the Supreme Court. Chakrabarty, 82, was an Emeritus distinguished professor of microbiology and immunology at the University of Illinois College of Medicine (UIC). [9], In 2008, Prof. Chakrabarty co-founded a second biopharmaceutical discovery company, Amrita Therapeutics Ltd., registered in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, to develop therapies, vaccines, and diagnostics effective against cancers and/or other major public health threats derived from bacterial products found in the human body. The late professor Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty speaking in 2009. 101. Prof. Chakrabarty's landmark research has since paved the way for many patents on genetically modified micro-organisms and other life forms, and catapulted him into the international spotlight. The Supreme Court case was argued on 17 March 1980 and decided on 16 June 1980. The United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals overturned the decision in Chakrabarty's favor, writing: ...the fact that micro-organisms are alive is without legal significance for purposes of patent law. At the time, four known species of oil-metabolizing bacteria were known to exist, but when introduced into an oil spill, they competed with each other, limiting the amount of crude oil that they degraded. Prof. Chakrabarty genetically engineered[2][3][4][5][6][7] a new species of Pseudomonas bacteria ("the oil-eating bacteria") in 1971 while working for the Research & Development Center at General Electric Company in Schenectady, New York.[8]. “Very sad news: Dr. Ananda M. Chakrabarty has passed away. Adam Mossoff on Twitter: “Very sad news: Dr. Ananda M. Chakrabarty has passed away. 15, 2020. He has been on the scientific advisory boards of many academic institutions such as the Michigan Biotechnology Institute, the Montana State University Center for Biofilm Engineering, the Center for Microbial Ecology at the Michigan State University, and the Canadian Bacterial Diseases Network based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Chakrabarty's modified bacterium was granted a patent in the U.K. before the U.S. patent came through.) Prof. Chakrabarty received his Ph.D. from the University of Calcutta in Kolkata, West Bengal in 1965. Dr. Chakrabarty has also served as a member of the NATO Industrial Advisory Group based in Brussels, Belgium. [9][11] He expanded his lab's work to include multiple microbiological species, including Neisseria, Plasmodia, and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Ananda M. Chakrabarty, Emeritus Distinguished Professor of Microbiology and Immunology, died July 10. Ananda (generally called "Al" by scientific colleagues) Chakrabarty was born in Sainthia on 4 April 1938. @vuildco: Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty (microbiologist, scientist, and researcher) - cause of death unknown, died July 10, 2020 @… - 3 months ago @KBTHeritage : RIP Padma Shri Prof. Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty , Distinguished University Professor, University of Illinois, USA. Chakrabarty (called called “Al” by his scientific colleagues) was born in the Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal and … This patent was granted by the U.S. Supreme Court (Diamond v. Chakrabarty), in a 5-4 decision, when it determined: A live, human-made micro-organism is patentable subject matter under [Title 35 U.S.C.] and the Committee on Biotechnology of the National Research Council. He isolated a bacterial protein, azurin, with potential antineoplastic properties. The University of Illinois owns the rights to the patents, but has issued exclusive licences to CDG Therapeutics. He was initially denied the patent by the Patent Office because the patent code was thought to preclude patents on living organisms. The bacteria drew international attention when he applied for a patent—the first U.S. patent for a genetically modified organism. [citation needed] He has served the U.S. government as a member of NIH Study Sections, a member of the Board on Biology of the National Academy of Science, Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty (Bengali: আনন্দমোহন চক্রবর্তী Ānandamōhan Cakrabartī), Ph.D. (4 April 1938 – 10 Jul 2020) was an Indian American microbiologist, scientist, and researcher, most notable for his work in directed evolution and his role in developing a genetically engineered organism using plasmid transfer while working at GE, the patent for which[1] led to landmark Supreme Court case, Diamond v. Chakrabarty. Ananda (generally called “AI” by scientific colleagues) Chakrabarty was born in Sainthia, West Bengal, on 4 April 1938. He was known for his work in directed evolution and his role in creating a genetically engineered organism using plasmid. Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty (Bengali: আনন্দমোহন চক্রবর্তী Ānandamōhan Cakrabartī), Ph.D. (4 April 1938 – 10 Jul 2020) was an Indian American microbiologist, scientist, and researcher, most notable for his work in directed evolution and his role in developing a genetically engineered organism using plasmid transfer while working at GE, the patent for which led to landmark Supreme Court case, Diamond v. Chakrabarty. In Diamond v. Chakrabarty (1980), @USSupremeCourt held that a #biotech innovation like #GMO is a patentable #invention, sparking the biotech revolution of past 4 decades. He was a member of the board of directors of Einstein Institute for Science, Health and the Courts, where he participated in judicial education. (U.S. utility patents had been granted to living organisms before, including two pure bacterial cultures, patented by Louis Pasteur. He was biotech & legal pioneer. [10] In 2001, Prof. Chakrabarty founded a company, CDG Therapeutics,[9][11] (incorporated in Delaware) which holds proprietary information related to five patents generated by his work at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Apart from being an eminent scientist, Ananda Chakrabarty has been an advisor to judges, governments, and the UN. He attended Sainthia High School, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira and St. Xavier's College, Calcutta—in that order—during the course of his undergraduate education. [11] As one of the founding members of a United Nations Industrial Development Organization committee that proposed the establishment of the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, he has been a member of its Council of Scientific Advisors ever since. Chakrabarty was a Distinguished University Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology in the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine. For his work in genetic engineering technology, he was awarded the civilian Padma Shri by the government of India in 2007. By irradiating the transformed organism with UV light after plasmid transfer, Prof. Chakrabarty discovered a method for genetic cross-linking that fixed all four plasmid genes in place and produced a new, stable, bacterial species (now called Pseudomonas putida) capable of consuming oil one or two orders of magnitude faster than the previous four strains of oil-eating microbes.
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